An indicator displacement assay for colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode detection of urinary uric acid (UA) was constructed using a water-soluble naphthalene-based tetralactam macrocycle and the phenoxazine dye, resorufin (RF). The visual detection of UA levels of volunteers was successfully realized using modified paper assays, which could be used for the home monitoring of urinary UA.

Preparation strategies, optical properties, and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots.

An endo-functionalized molecular cage for selective recognition of creatinine was developed and employed as an ionophore, which enables the accurate potentiometric determination of creatinine levels in biological samples.