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Referred to as ‘senior’, ‘third-age’, ‘older’, ‘young-old’, ‘encore’, ‘silver’, ‘mature-aged’ and ‘late-career’ entrepreneurs, in the last decade, scholarly interest has snowballed in this burgeoning segment of individuals aged 50 or above who are engaging in entrepreneurial activity. The rising attention given to the senior entrepreneurship phenomena is somewhat predicated on the imperative need to address the challenges of aging populations and an emphasis on active aging. As the fastest growing sector of entrepreneurship, senior entrepreneurs are prone to the highest success rates in high-growth entrepreneurship. This chapter provides theoretical and pragmatic approaches to illustrate areas of opportunity for this growing sector of entrepreneurship, together with a spotlight on contemporary issues such as female senior entrepreneurs, education and training support, and policy and government support. As human, financial and social capital accumulates with age, so too does senior entrepreneurship identify as untapped potential for economic and social sustainability.
Alex Maritz; Bronwyn Eager; Saskia de Klerk. Senior Entrepreneurs as Untapped Potential. The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship 2021, 179 -193.
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Bronwyn Eager, Saskia de Klerk. Senior Entrepreneurs as Untapped Potential. The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship. 2021; ():179-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Bronwyn Eager; Saskia de Klerk. 2021. "Senior Entrepreneurs as Untapped Potential." The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship , no. : 179-193.
Not only do Australian mature-aged entrepreneurs contribute $11.9 billion per annum to the Australian economy in over 379,000 businesses, they launch approximately 14,000 new businesses each year and actively contribute to fiscal, social, health, and active ageing outcomes in their communities. Thirty-four per cent of all young businesses in Australia are now led by mature-aged entrepreneurs, identifying mature-aged entrepreneurship as the fastest growing sector of entrepreneurship. This study is the first of its kind to examine mature-aged entrepreneurship in Australia using five pragmatic and embedded case-study examples. Aligning to Cartensen's sociomotional selection theory, we adopted an interpretivist philosphical framework of emergent enquiry action research. The paper includes benefits and challenges associated with mature-aged entrepreneurship, including contextual and theoretical foundations. We provide policy and research recommendations to enhance the development of a dedicated entrepreneurial ecosystem for mature-aged people.
Alex Maritz; Bronwyn Eager; Saskia De Klerk. Entrepreneurship and self-employment for mature-aged people. Australian Journal of Career Development 2021, 30, 3 -14.
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Bronwyn Eager, Saskia De Klerk. Entrepreneurship and self-employment for mature-aged people. Australian Journal of Career Development. 2021; 30 (1):3-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Bronwyn Eager; Saskia De Klerk. 2021. "Entrepreneurship and self-employment for mature-aged people." Australian Journal of Career Development 30, no. 1: 3-14.
PurposeThis study explores the different learning practices of Chinese incubators in Chongqing and Chengdu and delves into how these “learning huddles” influence incubatees' absorptive capacity (the ability to apply knowledge) to improve their chance of success (sustainable growth).Design/methodology/approachThis explorative study uses a qualitative case study approach by means of semi-structured interviews with business incubation managers and incubatees across three business incubators in Chengdu and Chongqing. The data are transcribed, coded and analyzed using an analytic map for the explanation of building and reflecting on the theoretical propositions, leading to a further understanding of the “learning huddle” mechanism.FindingsThe study finds that incubatees perceive that their absorptive capacity is increased through vicarious informal learning practices that promote access to networks and thereby builds social capital to improve their likelihood of success.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations in sample size and design. The explorative case study approach uses a nonrandom case selection of three incubators in Chongqing and Chengdu and has a limited number of interviewees, which may lack representation of the general Chinese business incubation population and may not sufficiently be generalized beyond the sample itself.Practical implicationsThese findings have important implications for business incubation programs. Business incubators that build learning huddles (networks) create a nurturing shared learning environment, which is suitable for incubatees to collectively absorb knowledge at the early stage of their life cycle and improve their likelihood of sustainable growth.Social implicationsSince this study is limited to a Chinese context, it is also hoped that future researchers use the typology of business incubator learning practices to explore cross-culture variables, as these may influence the business incubation operations and performance.Originality/valueThis study adds to the discussion on how collective learning practices facilitate absorptive capacity and build social capital, which in turn improves incubatees' chance of sustainable growth and as such the authors hope that the learning practice's typology and how incubatees determine their success stimulates further research for measuring the likelihood of incubatees sustainable growth.
Geraldine Kennett; Ling Hu; Alex Maritz; He Sun. Learning huddles: absorptive capacity and sustainable growth of Chinese incubatees. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration 2020, 2, 141 -159.
AMA StyleGeraldine Kennett, Ling Hu, Alex Maritz, He Sun. Learning huddles: absorptive capacity and sustainable growth of Chinese incubatees. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration. 2020; 2 (3):141-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeraldine Kennett; Ling Hu; Alex Maritz; He Sun. 2020. "Learning huddles: absorptive capacity and sustainable growth of Chinese incubatees." Journal of Industry-University Collaboration 2, no. 3: 141-159.
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had a significant and catastrophic effect on business and economies globally, but has identified the external and internal enablement of new venture creation. This paper aims to provide entrepreneurship insights, implementations and dynamics to demonstrate the role of entrepreneurship in times of such adversity within an Australian context. We provide emergent enquiry narratives from leading Australian scholars, identifying entrepreneurial initiatives as a catalyst to new venture creation and growth. Narratives include insights associated with the entrepreneurial mindset, the multidimensional effects of resilience and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship enablers and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Opportunities for further research are identified, particularly regarding context and empirical outcomes. We postulate that entrepreneurship may well be the unsung hero during the current COVID-19 economic crisis.
Alex Maritz; Aron Perenyi; Gerrit De Waal; Christoph Buck. Entrepreneurship as the Unsung Hero during the Current COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Australian Perspectives. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4612 .
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Aron Perenyi, Gerrit De Waal, Christoph Buck. Entrepreneurship as the Unsung Hero during the Current COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Australian Perspectives. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Aron Perenyi; Gerrit De Waal; Christoph Buck. 2020. "Entrepreneurship as the Unsung Hero during the Current COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Australian Perspectives." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4612.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to add a holistic and dynamic approach to the emerging body of knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). It aims to synthesise research and related neoteric EE concepts by proposing a conceptual framework for the study of the composition and interactions of such systems. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide an emergent enquiry perspective by introducing a systematic literature review to inform the development of a conceptual framework, based upon theoretical underpinnings of institutional and network theory. Findings This paper highlights neoteric holistic and dynamic approaches to recent scholarship of EEs, including antecedents, related concepts, shortcomings, features, actors, components and resources, recommendations for application, network and institutional perspectives, pathways for future research, and ultimately, a conceptual framework merging aspects of entrepreneurial activity, value creation, EE elements, relational interactions and institutional inferences. Research limitations/implications Primary limitations are associated with holistic and dynamic approaches adopted in this study, highlighting that EE heterogeneity is unlikely conducive to a “one-size-fits-all” scenario; further empirical research on the dynamics of EEs is suggested to circumvent such implications while adding to the emerging and growing body of knowledge and application of EEs. Practical implications The findings and conceptual framework provide a theoretical platform to base applications to practice in developing nascent and emerging EEs. Originality/value A first of its kind study adds a holistic and dynamic emergent enquiry approach with institutional and network underpinnings to EE frameworks.
Claudia Shwetzer; Alex Maritz; Quan Nguyen. Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a holistic and dynamic approach. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration 2019, 1, 79 -95.
AMA StyleClaudia Shwetzer, Alex Maritz, Quan Nguyen. Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a holistic and dynamic approach. Journal of Industry-University Collaboration. 2019; 1 (2):79-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Shwetzer; Alex Maritz; Quan Nguyen. 2019. "Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a holistic and dynamic approach." Journal of Industry-University Collaboration 1, no. 2: 79-95.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a dynamic and continuous process for evaluating entrepreneurship pedagogies to implement continuous improvement of entrepreneurship education in order to achieve increased student engagement in face-to-face classes. Pedagogy is argued to be a significant contributor to entrepreneurship education programmes, consisting of dynamic activities and initiatives within the scope of defined entrepreneurship education ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachA “minute paper” was used as a quick and convenient method to obtain qualitative data on student perceptions of different pedagogies. The research adopted an action-research strategy where data were analysed using concept mapping to identify key themes that the educator can use to further develop or modify the pedagogy during course delivery.FindingsThe research identified student perceptions of the nature of engagement with pedagogies, and of possible improvements that were used by the educator to increase student engagement during course delivery. Different pedagogies were found to have varying outcomes on students’ engagement with entrepreneurship learning, and as such, contextual and spatial factors have to be taken into account when implementing new and/or adjusted pedagogies.Research limitations/implicationsRepeated application of the research method to different pedagogies was carried out in several deliveries of an undergraduate entrepreneurship foundation course in one university. As such, further research requires testing in various institutional and delivery contexts as well as comparisons of learning and other outcomes including entrepreneurial intentions between classes where particular pedagogies may or may not be used.Practical implicationsThe approach described is relatively straightforward to implement, with marginal resource and time. It provides rich data that gives insights into student perceptions of engagement with an individual pedagogy that the educator can use to modify to modify in order to increase student engagement.Originality/valueThe paper describes a practical method for educators to evaluate and develop optimal pedagogies for a particular class or group of students. This method can be applied to small as well as large class sizes, and data analysis can be carried out in real time to make improvements during course delivery. Although this method is described in the context of entrepreneurship education, it can be applied to other fields of instruction.
Peter Balan; Alex Maritz; Matthew McKinlay. A structured method for innovating in entrepreneurship pedagogies. Education + Training 2018, 60, 819 -840.
AMA StylePeter Balan, Alex Maritz, Matthew McKinlay. A structured method for innovating in entrepreneurship pedagogies. Education + Training. 2018; 60 (7/8):819-840.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Balan; Alex Maritz; Matthew McKinlay. 2018. "A structured method for innovating in entrepreneurship pedagogies." Education + Training 60, no. 7/8: 819-840.
Australian Indigenous entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education represents a significant opportunity for Indigenous people to enhance their entrepreneurial skills, in turn building vibrant Indigenous-led economies that support sustainable economic development and social well-being. This study is the first of its kind to explore the conceptualization of a framework of Australian Indigenous entrepreneurship education ecosystems. The purpose is to provide emergent inquiry and participatory action research into entrepreneurship education ecosystems, enabling the expansion of Indigenous research and practice; with the objective of delineating specific fundamentals associated with Indigenous entrepreneurs, such as limitations in social, human, and financial capital. We include and integrate Australian Indigenous value perspectives, including Indigenous knowledge, wisdom, and resilience, as well as the cultural captivity of entrepreneurship and Indigenous culture. The addition to the body of knowledge provides practical implications and a framework to the benefit of all ecosystem participants, including entrepreneurship educators, Indigenous entrepreneurs, policy-makers, training suppliers, and dynamic institutional participants, such as incubators, accelerators, and community development initiatives.
Alex Maritz; Dennis Foley. Expanding Australian Indigenous Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems. Administrative Sciences 2018, 8, 20 .
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Dennis Foley. Expanding Australian Indigenous Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems. Administrative Sciences. 2018; 8 (2):20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Dennis Foley. 2018. "Expanding Australian Indigenous Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystems." Administrative Sciences 8, no. 2: 20.
Alex Maritz; Tung-Ju Wu; Wan-Yu Chang. Problems of Application Analysis in Knowledge Management and Science-Mathematics-Education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2017, 13, 7611 -7612.
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Tung-Ju Wu, Wan-Yu Chang. Problems of Application Analysis in Knowledge Management and Science-Mathematics-Education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2017; 13 (12):7611-7612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Tung-Ju Wu; Wan-Yu Chang. 2017. "Problems of Application Analysis in Knowledge Management and Science-Mathematics-Education." EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 13, no. 12: 7611-7612.
Purpose Why is self-employment an attractive option for certain seniors and what drives seniors into business start-ups? In this study, the motivations and preferences of senior entrepreneurs in Australia, to become self-employed, by means of business start-ups, are explored. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical basis for policy implications. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods study is conducted. Members of the National Senior’s Association in Australia were interviewed and surveyed. The semi-structured interviews identified the key factors influencing senior entrepreneurs in relation to self-employment and entrepreneurial choices at a later career stage. The survey collected information on intentionality, motivation, skills, opportunities, success, satisfaction, participation, barriers, benefits, education and training, and perceptions of policy support for senior entrepreneurs. Findings Respondents gave an account of the prevalence of pull factors motivating their choice of an entrepreneurial career. Multivariate statistical analysis of survey responses showed that senior entrepreneurs are more driven by opportunity than necessity and are primarily internally motivated. Research limitations/implications Results of this study suggest a weak link between motivation by others and the act of start-up, but this may also imply that those seniors who are more likely to become entrepreneurs are more likely to ignore the impulses from their social context. This requires further investigation to ensure a robust identification of drivers and an elimination of contextual effects. Further research is suggested to compose a relevant model structure in different contexts and a representative sample to confirm the model outcomes. Originality/value This is the first mixed methods study of the antecedents of senior entrepreneurs’ start-up intentions in Australia. The study also uses entrepreneurial activity as opposed to intention as its dependent variable, which allows for a more accurate evaluation of antecedents to the senior entrepreneurship phenomenon.
Aron Perenyi; Roxanne Zolin; Alex Maritz. The perceptions of Australian senior entrepreneurs on the drivers of their entrepreneurial activity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2017, 24, 81 -103.
AMA StyleAron Perenyi, Roxanne Zolin, Alex Maritz. The perceptions of Australian senior entrepreneurs on the drivers of their entrepreneurial activity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2017; 24 (1):81-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAron Perenyi; Roxanne Zolin; Alex Maritz. 2017. "The perceptions of Australian senior entrepreneurs on the drivers of their entrepreneurial activity." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 1: 81-103.
This paper explores students’ perceptions of their learning outcomes, engagement, and satisfaction with a technology-facilitated flipped approach in a third-year core subject at an Australian university during 2014. In this pilot study, findings reveal that students preferred the flipped approach to the traditional face-to-face delivery and reported increased engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes as a result of both the flipped classroom approach and the use of digital technologies in the delivery of the unit. However, students did report frustration and less satisfaction generally with the flipped model in the initial stages of the semester. The implications are that students may require extra support in the initial stages of delivery of a flipped class to assist them to understand and take up the challenge of theapproach, thereby maximising student engagement and satisfaction earlier in the semester.
Rosemary Fisher; Belinda Ross; Richard Laferriere; Alex Maritz. Flipped learning, flipped satisfaction, getting the balance right. Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal 2017, 5, 114 -127.
AMA StyleRosemary Fisher, Belinda Ross, Richard Laferriere, Alex Maritz. Flipped learning, flipped satisfaction, getting the balance right. Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal. 2017; 5 (2):114-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosemary Fisher; Belinda Ross; Richard Laferriere; Alex Maritz. 2017. "Flipped learning, flipped satisfaction, getting the balance right." Teaching & Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal 5, no. 2: 114-127.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a justified, legitimate and validated model on entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs), by combining recent research and scholarship in leading edge entrepreneurship education (EE). Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of recent EE research and scholarship is followed by an empirical study to develop a model of EEPs. This was adopted by employing an emergent inquiry perspective incorporating participatory action research, using frame analysis and NVIVO to develop and analyse themes. Findings This research identified three unique dimensions currently excluded from the theoretical and scholarship of EEPs, being distinct contextualisation, entrepreneurship ecosystems and recent content innovation in entrepreneurship. It also identified updates to current EEPs dimensions, such as online technologies, authentic alignment, causation, effectuation and bricolage, technology transfer the entrepreneurial university. Research limitations/implications The discussion and model presented in this paper may be a starting point for future empirical studies on EEPs, by developing additional validation, justification and legitimisation. Practical implications The study indicates that EEPs are integrative and dynamic, and always limited to contextual and contemporary inferences; providing guidance to developing such programmes. Hence, the applicability to update the original framework developed by Maritz and Brown (2013) as Part 2 of illuminating the black box of EEPs. Originality/value This paper provides a first of its kind empirical study in the development of EEPs frameworks and models, deepening the theory, scholarship and development of such models.
Alex Maritz. Illuminating the black box of entrepreneurship education programmes: Part 2. Education + Training 2017, 59, 471 -482.
AMA StyleAlex Maritz. Illuminating the black box of entrepreneurship education programmes: Part 2. Education + Training. 2017; 59 (5):471-482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz. 2017. "Illuminating the black box of entrepreneurship education programmes: Part 2." Education + Training 59, no. 5: 471-482.
Disability impacts a large number of people and affects a wide range of socioeconomic outcomes, including labour market participation. Towards supporting the active participation of people with disabilities in society and the economy, this paper aims to explore the role of disability entrepreneurship and self-employment. There is some international evidence that targeted inclusive entrepreneurship initiatives such as training and support programmes can be effective to assist disabled people to participate in self-employment activities. This study is the first to examine this phenomenon in Australia. We explore self-employment activity among disabled people, theoretical underpinnings, provide benefits and challenges of entrepreneurship for people with disabilities, and propose policy recommendations. Overall, this relatively unexplored issue of national priority requires additional empirical research, enabling policy, and decision makers to make informed decisions to enhance labour market participation through entrepreneurship and self-employment.
Alex Maritz; Richard Laferriere. Entrepreneurship and self-employment for people with disabilities. Australian Journal of Career Development 2016, 25, 45 -54.
AMA StyleAlex Maritz, Richard Laferriere. Entrepreneurship and self-employment for people with disabilities. Australian Journal of Career Development. 2016; 25 (2):45-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Maritz; Richard Laferriere. 2016. "Entrepreneurship and self-employment for people with disabilities." Australian Journal of Career Development 25, no. 2: 45-54.