Epiphytic bryophytes are an important component in terms of the diversity and functioning of montane forests known as biodiversity hotspots. Bryophytes are highly dependent on their external environments because they are sensitive to environmental changes related to disturbance, fragmentation, air pollution, and climate change. The richness and composition of bryophytes in remnants of primary and secondary forests were analyzed, where the richness and cover were recorded on trunk bases of 120 trees. Changes in species richness and diversity were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLMs), and changes in species composition, using multivariate analysis. A total of 57 bryophyte species (36 liverworts and 21 mosses) were recorded in trunk bases. For the first time, 19 new liverworts for the province of El Oro are reported. The richness and diversity of bryophyte species decrease in disturbed forests when compared to primary forests, with a marked decrease in species less adapted to conditions of high light (shade epiphytes). In the same line, species composition is different in each type of forest, where bryophytes with high humidity requirements were abundant in primary forests. This study confirms that forest disturbance is a key factor in determining not only the number of species but also the composition of bryophyte species. The maximum tree diameter and primary forest remnants are important factors in the conservation of sensitive bryophyte species at the base of trees in one of the last remnants of mountain forests in El Oro Province, Ecuador.

Epiphytic organisms are characteristic elements of the Andean dry forest, playing a crucial role in ecosystem diversity and functionality, but they are threatened by deforestation-related factors. The diversity of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes was recorded in the Pisaca Reserve, which has an artificial pond locally known as “Laguna Pisaca”, serving as a critical micro-watershed. This pond provides water services to the city of Catacocha, motivating local communities to protect its biodiversity. In each zone (low, middle and high), 10 plots of 5 × 5 m were established, where the presence and coverage of lichens and bryophytes were sampled in 4 trees per plot (120 trees). Richness and diversity (Shannon–Weaver and Simpson indices) were calculated. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to analyze the effect of the zone on richness and diversity, and multivariate analysis was used to analyze species composition. A total of 90 species were recorded (65 lichens and 25 bryophytes), distributed in three zones: 74 in the high, 67 in the low and 41 in the middle zone. Species richness and composition showed significant variations in relation to the three zones, influenced by forest structure, small altitudinal changes and forests disturbance. The forests of the Pisaca Reserve harbor a great diversity of lichens and epiphytic bryophytes, which serve as refuges for biodiversity in the Andean dry montane forest of South Ecuador.

En Ecuador, la protección de datos personales se organiza mediante dos mecanismos principales: la acción constitucional de hábeas data y el procedimiento administrativo regulado por la Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos Personales (LOPDP). La coexistencia de ambos ha generado debates sobre su alcance y el riesgo de desnaturalizar el hábeas data. Este artículo analiza la relación entre estos instrumentos, identificando su complementariedad a partir de criterios constitucionales, jurisprudenciales y normativos. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa y descriptiva, basada en revisión documental y análisis histórico, deductivo y exegético del marco jurídico ecuatoriano. Los principales hallazgos muestran que el hábeas data mantiene su carácter de garantía constitucional autónoma, mientras que la Superintendencia de Protección de Datos Personales (SPDP) cumple un rol técnico-administrativo, sin sustituir ni limitar el control judicial. Se propone una articulación que garantice una protección constitucional efectiva y prevenga abusos procesales.

In the Ecuadorian state, adoption is a process that focuses on the child's right to have a family, a right that is proper to the child and that includes ensuring the best interests of the child, as well as the prevalence of the child's rights, but also the exercise of the child's right to be heard. The State plays a fundamental role in this process. On the one hand, it seeks to find suitable families for abandoned or orphaned children, and on the other hand, it is responsible for guaranteeing the principle of the best interests of the child. The main objective of this descriptive analytical article is to give an account of the development of the adoption process in its two phases: administrative, whose main body in charge is the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES), and judicial, managed by the Judicial Function. The methodology used responds to the legal and normative approach that has been given to this study, for which a qualitative methodology is used, through the technique of selection, analysis, contrast and determination of secondary data such as information systems, regulations and jurisprudence. The hermeneutic method was used to interpret legal texts. This process allows us to determine that, although adoption is a figure that guarantees the child's right to a family, it presents obstacles in terms of speed, an obstacle that is justified

El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar la persistente vulneración de derechos, particularmente en el reconocimiento biológico del padre en casos de rupturas matrimoniales o procreación extramatrimonial en Ecuador. Se busca comprender las implicaciones de esta problemática en la representación legítima de los menores, con el propósito de proponer soluciones que promuevan el bienestar y desarrollo integral de los niños afectados. El estudio se basa en una metodología cualitativa, utilizando la técnica de estudio de casos. Se centra en casos específicos para analizar el abandono paterno injustificado y la omisión de apellidos maternos. Este enfoque detallado permite obtener una comprensión profunda de las experiencias individuales, identificar factores subyacentes y evaluar las implicaciones legales asociadas. La información recopilada contribuye a proporcionar percepciones valiosas sobre el impacto en el bienestar de los menores y sugiere posibles intervenciones legales. Se destaca la persistencia de la vulneración de derechos en el reconocimiento biológico del padre, evidenciando problemáticas socio-familiares que afectan la representación legítima de los menores. Como resultado, se propone que, frente al abandono injustificado del padre, la madre asuma la total representación legal y patria potestad del hijo, garantizando actividades que favorezcan su desarrollo. Se aboga por el derecho a la identidad del menor, proponiendo la inclusión de los apellidos maternos como un acto de reivindicación del legado materno y una transformación del paradigma patriarcal que prevalece en la asignación de apellidos. Estas conclusiones buscan contribuir a la protección de los derechos de los menores en contextos similares en el futuro.

The new mobility infrastructures that face contemporary accessibility problems are potential elements of urban development and of improvement of public space in the city. This fact is verified to the extent that its design is integrated into the geography, history and particular dynamics of an urban environment and acquires particular relevance in the field of intermediate cities. Under this hypothesis, we developed a Research and Project Workshop on intermediate cities in Chile, whose results constitute the central body of this paper. Based on the territorial analysis and the formulation of projects for La Serena, Iquique, Alto Hospicio, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Montt and Puerto Varas, local solutions to global urban problems are discussed. The work is framed within the parameters of action research, emphasizing the exploratory nature of research and explicitly addressing the dimension of knowledge that arises from the project.