Among the Central Asian republics, Uzbekistan is unique in that approximately 80% of its territory lies within a plain, characterized by an arid geographic zone and dry climate. Agricultural production in these regions is possible only through artificial irrigation. In recent years, global climate change and challenges related to transboundary water use have led to a reduction in water availability. The average annual water allocation to Uzbekistan is estimated at 51–53 billion m³, of which 90–91% is consumed by the agricultural sector. Due to the uneven distribution of water resources and the complex topography of irrigated lands, water supply is supported by numerous pumping stations operated by the state, water users associations, farms, and clusters. Additionally, well-based pumping systems are employed to maintain groundwater levels and ensure irrigation. On average, these facilities consume around 8.0 billion kWh of electricity annually. The agricultural sector faces several critical challenges, including crop water deficits caused by water shortages, slow adoption of water-saving technologies, and limited implementation of drip irrigation on household plots, dachas, and greenhouses that play a key role in food supply. Moreover, the delivery of water to fertile lands situated far from main power lines and water sources remains problematic. This article aims to explore the integration of solar energy solutions to support drip irrigation in both large-scale agricultural lands (ω = 1.0–100.0 ha and above) and small-scale areas such as homestead plots, dachas, and greenhouses (ω = 0.01–1.0 ha), as well as their application in small- to medium-sized pumping stations. Based on the research and experimental design work carried out, three mobile photovoltaic units—MPPU-8-500-4000, MPPU-2-550-1100, and MPPU-4-500-2000—were developed and implemented to address water and energy shortages in agriculture.

Due to climate change, providing the population with clean drinking water, increasing the productivity of agricultural products in terms of quality and quantity, and the timely supply of necessary water to crops has become one of the main problems in the world. The water shortage in the Republic of Uzbekistan is increasing year by year. With the increase in the population of the republic, the need for water and energy resources has increased significantly. The main goal of this scientific research is to use water and energy-saving technologies in fruit orchards growing in the mountain and foothill areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Namangan, Surkhandarya, and Khorezm regions), where water resources and electricity are scarce. The methodology used for the research is comprehensive in nature, using both analytical and experimental research methods. In evaluating and comparing the efficiency of the proposed technical solution, comparison with traditional methods and methods of absolute and comparative economic efficiency of capital investments are used. The obtained results showed drip irrigation of fruit orchards 8–10 times alongside pumping units with a capacity of N = 4.0 kW (8 PTBs of 500 W each) provided enough water for cultivation; the power utilization ratio increased by 30–40% compared to stationary systems; the water savings in fruit orchards compared to traditional irrigation was 67.4 percent (Republic of Karakalpakstan)—76.1 percent (Bukhara region) (for the whole republic—60–70 percent). The use of such combined devices based on drip irrigation systems, mobile solar energy installation and automation system saves significant amounts of water and energy resources and increases the reliability of irrigation.