The synthesis of ethylamine-based perovskites has emerged to attempt to replace the lead in lead-based perovskites for the alkaline earth elements barium and strontium, introducing chloride halide to prepare the perovskites in solar cell technology. X-ray diffraction studies were conducted, and EXPO2014 software was utilized to resolve the structure. Chemical characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photophysical properties were analyzed through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence properties were determined to confirm the perovskite characteristics. The software employed can determine new crystal structures, as follows: orthorhombic for barium perovskite CH₃CH₂NH₃BaCl₃ and tetragonal for strontium perovskite CH₃CH₂NH₃SrCl₃. The ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy data demonstrated that a temperature increase (90–110 °C) contributed to reducing the band gap from 3.93 eV to 3.67 eV for barium perovskite and from 4.05 eV to 3.84 eV for strontium perovskite. The results exhibited that new materials can be obtained through gentle chemistry and specialized software like EXPO2014, both of which are capable of conducting reciprocal and direct space analyses for identifying crystal structures using powder X-ray diffraction.

The demand for functional materials continuous to increase as modern engineering systems and their components are required to withstand different corrosive environments. This study evaluates the corrosion protection performance of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films modified with the triblock copolymer Pluronic F-127 and impregnated with benzotriazole (BTA) as a corrosion protection system for A-36 carbon steel. The films were synthesized using a sol-gel method and deposited by dip-coating technique with different concentrations of Pluronic F-127. The coatings were thermally treated at 400 °C to stabilize the anatase phase. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups of TiO2-F127 coatings, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the anatase phase. Surface morphology, porosity, and film quality were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Corrosion rate was evaluated through linear polarization resistance measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. The proposed coating reduced the corrosion rate (Vcorr) by 60%. It was determined that optimal F-127 concentrations (0.0198 and 0.03968 mmol) yield a residual nanometric porosity that promotes a homogeneous charge distribution, thereby mitigating active sites for corrosion initiation. Furthermore, BTA incorporation significantly enhanced protective performance through a synergistic effect, effectively blocking electrolyte transport to the metal interface.