Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) accounts for a substantial proportion of head and neck cancers, with a rising incidence largely driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite advances in multimodal treatment, disease recurrence remains common and limits long‐term survival, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers to guide prognosis and treatment. Methods: This review summarizes recent advances in biomarker development in OPSCC across multiple biological domains. We examined molecular biomarkers, including genomic alterations, DNA methylation, and non‐coding RNAs; protein biomarkers associated with oncogenic signaling, cell‐cycle regulation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis; as well as circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosome‐derived RNA. Results: Among currently available biomarkers, p16, PD‐L1, and circulating HPV DNA demonstrate the strongest clinical applicability, particularly for risk stratification and post‐treatment surveillance. Emerging evidence also supports the use of combined biomarker panels to improve prediction of treatment response to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, many candidate biomarkers show inconsistent performance due to methodological variability, limited sensitivity and specificity, and insufficient prospective validation. Conclusions: While several biomarkers show promise in OPSCC, further standardization of detection methods and large‐scale prospective studies are required. Integration of multi‐omics data with computational approaches, including artificial intelligence, may facilitate the development of robust and clinically actionable predictive models, ultimately enabling more personalized management and earlier detection of recurrence.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a profoundly poor prognosis. Clinically, the condition most frequently manifests with symptoms including painless jaundice, abdominal discomfort, and back pain. Early diagnosis and the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies are critical for improving patient survival outcomes. However, merely 10–20% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage, with the majority presenting at advanced stages, often with metastasis. Consequently, early detection and intervention are crucial for enhancing prognosis. The widespread adoption of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) technology in recent years has significantly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic space-occupying lesions. EUS is increasingly recognized for its pivotal role in alleviating malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), and refractory pain in advanced pancreatic cancer. This article aims to provide an overall review of the current applications of EUS in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, exploring its advantages and limitations in early screening, diagnosis, and palliative care. Furthermore, this review explores potential future directions in the field, aiming to provide valuable insights to inform and enhance the clinical management of pancreatic cancer.