Acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, and diarrhea are the prominent causes of the burden of childhood communicable diseases along with mortality in developing countries which contributes to nutritional deficiencies, reduced resistance to infections and impaired growth and development. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of ARI, fever, and diarrhea among under-five children and the influencing factors in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh by incorporating the social ecological model. The study was conducted in six villages of Dacope upazila under Khulna district of Bangladesh following cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected from 348 randomly selected caregivers with at least one child aged 6 to 59 months. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection from the participants through face-to-face interviews from July to October 2024. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors influencing the prevalence of ARI, fever, and diarrhea among under-five children. Results showed that ARI prevalence among under-five children was 64.7%, followed by fever at 42.2%, and diarrhea at 13.5% in the southwestern coastal region. Findings also revealed that various individual factors such as child sex, child feeding frequency, and birth weight; interpersonal factors like house type, type of family, and household vulnerability; and community-level factors such as place of residence and availability of qualified doctors in the locality were the significant predictors of the prevalence of these diseases. However, we did not find any significant influence of policy-level factors on the prevalence of these diseases. Children who were fed ≥ 7 times a day and those residing in Nolian village had higher odds of having ARI than their counterparts. On the other hand, children with normal birth weight, children who were fed 5–6 times and ≥ 7 times a day, and children living in Hoglabunia village had higher odds of getting fever. Nonetheless, children living in semi-pacca houses had lower odds of experiencing fever compared to their counterparts. Moreover, boys, children from higher vulnerable households, and children residing in the community where qualified doctors are available had higher odds of getting diarrhea, whereas children from nuclear families had lower odds of having diarrhea than their counterparts. The study suggests introducing targeted nutrition education programs for both mothers and infants through community outreach. Besides, generating sustainable income opportunities to reduce coastal households’ vulnerabilities. Additionally, infrastructural development is essential to ensure access to quality healthcare services in geospatially disadvantaged regions, especially in southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh.

From 1989 onwards, the People's Republic of China's use of the Qiaoban, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Bureau, has burgeoned notably in regard to attracting investment and loyalty from overseas Chinese outside mainland China. This article analyses the impact of the Qiaoban and the PRC influence upon “diasporic Chinese” living along the northern Thai border, particularly ethnic Chinese (e.g. Teochiu, Hakka, Hainanese) and Nationalist Chinese (Kuomintang-KMT). It finds that, while the Qiaoban has largely succeeded in the engagement with the ethnic Chinese of northern Thailand, the active efforts of the PRC to engage the Nationalist Chinese have been notably unfruitful. However, the Qiaoban's efforts have caused increasing tension between different generations in Nationalist Chinese communities.

This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children under five in coastal Bangladesh employing the Social Ecological Model (SEM). A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 348 randomly selected caregivers from six villages in Dacope upazila of Khulna district, between July and October 2024. Undernutrition in children was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) standards for stunting, wasting, and underweight. Findings revealed high levels of undernutrition prevalence among children under five, with 56.3% severe stunting and 33.3% moderate stunting, 16.4% severe wasting and 40.5% moderate wasting, and 28.7% severe underweight and 59.2% moderate underweight, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that stunting was significantly associated with child age, birth weight, caregivers' occupation and mass media exposure, education of the household head, household food insecurity, vulnerability, and membership of non‐governmental organization (NGO). Wasting prevalence was influenced by child age and sex, exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practices, caregivers' education, occupation, income, religion, and mass media exposure, household vulnerability, NGO membership, and place of residence. Underweight prevalence was primarily associated with child age, sex, birth weight, caregivers' income, and exposure to natural disasters. This study emphasizes the need for integrated, multi‐level strategies to address child undernutrition. Local actions should prioritize young and low‐birth‐weight children through improved feeding practices, maternal education, and livelihood support in disaster‐prone areas, while national policies must embed nutrition within health, poverty alleviation, and social protection programs. Globally, climate‐resilient and context‐specific nutrition policies, supported by WHO, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and World Food Programme (WFP), are vital to ensuring sustainable and equitable child health outcomes.

It has become known that the Confucius Institute (CI) and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office (Qiaoban) are operated as tools of state-led mechanism, or Chinese statecraft with the ultimate goal of expanding China's cultural soft power. Following the direction, Xi Jinping has been pushing the notion of the “Chinese dream,” focusing on the realm of Chinese traditional culture and launching a new state-led mechanism. This article examines an emerging state-led mechanism known as “Chinese Homeland Bookstores” (CHBs), which was proposed by a provincial government-financed state-owned enterprise, and recently expanded to Thailand and various Mekong countries. I contend that the entities, such as CHBs and also CI and Qiaoban, are being extensively utilized as part of a larger state apparatus supporting the regime's Chinese traditional culture campaign. However, the CHB case and those of other government-led institutions illustrate how they combine nation-state work with market-oriented business strategies, to effectively promote Chinese culture “going out” with a focus on financial sustainability.

This study examines the phenomenon of Chinese families bringing their children to attend international schools in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand, over the past 5 years. Positioned as a subgroup within the broader context of Chinese global education migration toward Southeast Asia, this research utilizes semi-structured interviews with 38 sampled families whose children are enrolled in 23 international schools in Chiang Mai. The findings reveal that urban middle-income Chinese families who establish their homes in Chiang Mai through sojourning differ from traditional border-crossing family arrangements associated with accompanied migrants. These families adopt a nomadic, sojourning lifestyle, relocating their households in Chiang Mai through transnational consumption practices. Their motivations go beyond the mere pursuit of international educational certification; rather, they engage in a process of household relocation for familial life-making. The primary motivation for their transnational mobility is to avoid social reproduction risks faced in their place of origin. These urban middle-income families reconfigure their family lives through household sojourning in Chiang Mai to meet their individualized social reproduction needs. This study argues that the mobility of these transnational families represents a form of transnational social reproduction mobility, influenced by post-patriarchal neo-familism.