1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives, including tebuconazole, have been reported to show positive physiological effects in cereals apart from fungicidal activity and to increase plants’ tolerance against temperature stress. This study investigates the mechanisms of increasing frost resistance of etiolated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., “Irkutskaya” variety) seedlings by tebuconazole-based seed dresser “Bunker” (1.5 μL g−1 of seeds) and tebuconazole (30 μg g−1 of seeds). To identify ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways of frost resistance, we used fluridone (FLD, 5 mg L−1), an inhibitor of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. FLD effectively inhibited the accumulation of carotenoids in the shoots and prevented the formation of carotenoids caused by the “Bunker” and tebuconazole. In non-hardened seedlings, FLD stimulated coleoptile and first leaf growth, but did not suppress the growth inhibitory effects of “Bunker” and tebuconazole. In shoots of hardened seedlings, FLD reduced the retarding effect of tebuconazole. Regardless of seedling age, temperature, and the protectant treatment, FLD had no effect on the sugar content in the shoots. FLD did not essentially influence frost resistance induced by “Bunker” and tebuconazole in cold-hardened seedlings. Fluridone increased H2O2 content and guaiacol peroxidase activity under control conditions (both with tebuconazole and without tebuconazole) and during cold hardening (in seedlings from seeds treated with tebuconazole). ABA levels in cold-hardened seedlings treated with FLD alone, tebuconazole alone, or a combination of the two were two to three times lower than in untreated hardened seedlings. Changes in indole-3-acetic and salicylic acids in response to FLD and tebuconazole treatment indicate complex interactions with signaling cellular systems. Our results suggest that tebuconazole activates ABA-independent pathways more strongly than ABA-dependent pathways in enhancing frost resistance. The potential mechanisms of tebuconazole action in plant cells are discussed.
26 December 2023 in Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology
The study aims to confirm the functional activity and localization of the At_NDB2 transgenic protein of Arabidopsis in tobacco cells and to evaluate the effect produced by the permanent expression of external alternative NADH dehydrogenase on the resistance of a heat-loving plant to low temperatures. Proteins and mitochondria were isolated from the leaves of tobacco plants grown at 25 °С (day/night) at the 7-leaf stage. At_NDB2 protein localization in mitochondria was determined via electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The functional activity of At_NDB2 was confirmed through the polarography of isolated mitochondria and the specific mitochondrial complex I inhibitor (rotenone). It was also found that the cyanide-resistant respiration rate and the activity of an alternative oxidase enzyme were significantly higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. In order to determine the resistance to low temperatures, the parent and transgenic tobacco plants were grown in soil until the 2–3 and 6–7 leaf stages, after which they were kept at 3 to -3 °С for a day in the dark and left to regrow at 25 °С for seven days. Although it was previously shown that oxidative stress is reduced in transgenic plants at low temperatures as compared to wild-type plants, it was established that the tolerance of transgenic and nontransformed plants does not differ. Thus, alternative NADH dehydrogenase activity was found to reduce oxidative stress and increase alternative oxidase activity, without enhancing the resistance of Nicotiana tabacum to negative temperatures.
13 September 2020 in Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture
Пшеница одна из сельскохозяйственных культур, которая подвергается действию температурного стресса в течение онтогенеза и особенно чувствительна к действию стресса на начальных стадиях её развития. Высокие температуры ограничивают рост, развитие и продуктивность растений. Однако, растения могут адаптироваться к температурному стрессу и имеют адаптивные механизмы на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях. Одним из таких адаптивных механизмов является увеличение синтеза белков теплового шока (БТШ), функции которых очень важны и разнообразны.Целью данной работы было изучить влияние различных тепловых обработок (37 и 39 ºC в течение 1, 3, 6, 24 ч и 50 ºC в течение 1, 3, 5 ч) на теплоустойчивость проростков яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) и синтез БТШ (101, 70, 60 и 16.9 кДа) в побегах 4-х суточных и листьях 8-ми суточных проростков.На основании полученных данных сделан вывод, что 4-х суточные и 8-ми суточные проростки яровой пшеницы характеризуются схожей реакцией на тепловой стресс при 50 ºC, однако 4-х суточные проростки более устойчивы в начальный период стрессового воздействия. Воздействие температурами 37 и 39 ºC подходят для адаптации яровой пшеницы на начальных стадиях её развития (4-х суточные и 8-ми суточные проростки). Эти температуры приводят к схожей тенденции в синтезе БТШ в побегах и листьях. В тоже время, содержание БТШ16.9 зависит от стадии развития пшеницы. В нормальных условиях был отмечен синтез БТШ16.9 в побегах, но не в листьях. Сделано заключение, что адаптация 8-ми суточных проростков более длительный процесс (6-24 ч воздействия 37 и 39 ºC) по сравнению с 4-х суточными проростками (3-6 ч воздействия 37 и 39 ºC).
29 April 2021 in Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture
Обоснование. Цианобактерия Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (спирулина) обладает уникальным биохимическим составом и находит широкое применение в различных сферах, в том числе в медицине и сельском хозяйстве. Основные фикобилипротеины (ФБП) спирулины – С-фикоцианин и аллофикоцианин защищают клетки животных от окислительного стресса и дисфункции митохондрий. В то же время мало сведений об антиоксидантных свойствах ФБП в растительной клетке и их влиянии на биоэнергетические параметры митохондрий растений. Цель. Целью данной работы было изучение влияния экстракта ФБП A. platensis на глюкозооксидазную активность и функционирование митохондрий картофеля. Материалы и методы. ФБП выделяли из сырой биомассы A. platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont (штамм IBSS–31) с помощью холодной экстракции и осаждения ацетоном. Белковый экстракт с высокой долей С-фикоцианина использовали в концентрациях 0,025 – 0,25 мг/мл. Об антиоксидантных свойствах ФБП судили по ингибированию глюкозооксидазной активности экстрактов картофеля с повышенной экспрессией гена GOX. Окислительную и фосфорилирующую активность митохондрий в присутствии ФБП оценивали полярографическим методом. Статистическую обработку данных осуществляли с помощью SigmaPlot v. 14.0. Результаты. Глюкозооксидазный тест выявил антиоксидантную активность экстракта ФБП, ярко выраженную при концентрации белка 0,25 мг/мл. В этой же концентрации экстракт вызывал разобщение процессов окисления и фосфорилирования в митохондриях картофеля при окислении сукцината, связанное с повышением скорости дыхания в состоянии 4 и снижением коэффициента дыхательного контроля. Заключение. Таким образом, фикобилипротеины A. platensis концентрационно-зависимым образом снижают генерацию пероксида водорода в глюкозооксидазной тест-системе и разобщают процессы окисления и фосфорилирования митохондрий растений.
27 December 2023 in Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology
Strobilurin and triazole class fungicides are actively used in agriculture as part of dressers to protect plants from fungal disease. In addition, they have various physiological effects on plants, including increased resistance to adverse environmental factors. The combined effect of these fungicides under water stress is understudied. The present work aims to examine the individual and combined effects of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin on the growth characteristics of wheat and its resistance to water stress. The study used winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) plants grown from seeds treated with tebuconazole (2 mg/50 g seeds) and azoxystrobin (4 mg/50 g seeds) suspensions separately or together. In order to create water stress, five-day seedlings were transferred to 20% polyethylene glycol solution (PEG 6000), with stability assessed at seven and nine days. Tebuconazole was found to have a retardant effect on shoots and stimulate root growth. Azoxystrobin inhibited shoot growth and particularly root growth. When used together, tebuconazole partially reduced azoxystrobin-induced root inhibition. Azoxystrobin increased the negative effect of water stress, while tebuconazole effectively protected the root system of seedlings, partially reducing the effect of azoxystrobin. The stimulation of root growth with tebuconazolewas concluded to play an important role in providing resistance of winter wheat to water stress and to have the potential for use in agriculture.
27 December 2024 in Proceedings of universities. Applied chemistry and biotechnology
Low temperature is an important factor limiting plant viability and productivity. Along with other stresses, low temperatures increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are signaling molecules that can damage cell components. As well as representing one of the main targets of oxidative damage during stress, mitochondria represent a significant source of reactive oxygen species. Plant mitochondria have a large number of enzymes providing alternative electron transport pathways, many of which are activated under stress. Our aim was to assess the effect of low positive temperatures and increased expression of the heterologous gene NDB2 (alternative external NADH dehydrogenase of mitochondria) on the generation of reactive oxygen species, which involve an alternative respiratory chain in mitochondria and the expression of stress proteins under lighting conditions in Nicotiana tabacum tobacco leaves. In the leaves of tobacco plants with increased expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana NDB2 (AtNDB2) gene, a decrease in reactive oxygen species production was observed under normal and low temperature conditions. The results indicate that the heterologous Arabidopsis thaliana NDB2 gene is involved in increasing the activity of the alternative electron transport chain in mitochondria, which reduces the level of reactive oxygen species generation and affects the content of stress proteins under normal and low-temperature exposure.