An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.

In this study we present a phylogenetic analysis of Melastomeae, focusing on the Neotropical members of the tribe, a group of c. 70 species in 30 gen

Premise of research. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that tribe Melastomateae is biphyletic, consisting of two nonsister clades, the core Melastomateae and the Marcetia alliance, both supported by molecular and morphological characters. Methodology. In this study, we describe the new tribe Marcetieae and revise its generic limits based on a molecular phylogeny and a reevaluation of morphological characters. A short description; notes on distribution, habitat, and taxonomy; and a list of species plus an identification key are presented for all accepted genera. Pivotal results. We propose the recognition of 19 genera in this tribe, including a new genus (Rostranthera) and the resurrection of Dicrananthera, Leiostegia, Noterophila, and Pseudoernestia. Conclusions. Ernestia and Macairea were not fully resolved either in the molecular phylogeny or morphologically, and these genera need additional sampling of taxa and molecular markers to define their generic limits.

Poteranthera (Melastomataceae) is a genus of small, annual herbs with narrow leaves, that inhabit humid savannas in South America and are visible only when in bloom. Due to their size and paucity of collections, the phylogenetic position of Poteranthera has been uncertain to this point. Poteranthera has been at times associated, confused, or placed in Acisanthera and/or Siphanthera. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data place Poteranthera unequivocally within the Microlicieae and not closely related to Acisanthera or Siphantera. These results are consistent with seed and anther morphology. Putative morphological synapomorphies for this genus are the glandular hairs restricted to the leaf margins and the apically constricted hypanthium. Based on morphology, Acisanthera leptalea seems better placed in Poteranthera and the new combination Poteranthera leptalea is made. An expanded generic description is also provided.

The Marcetia alliance of Melastomataceae is an exclusively Neotropical group that includes at least 12 genera of mostly herbs and subshrubs, occurrin