Active travel modes, such as walking and cycling, are essential for fostering sustainable urban transportation. However, their adoption in environmentally challenging areas—characterised by steep slopes, extreme weather, and rugged terrain—presents significant obstacles. This study addresses these challenges by conducting a systematic literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2024 to identify strategies that promote active travel in such contexts. Using a structured five-step methodology, 62 relevant articles were selected and analysed to explore common challenges and propose tailored solutions. The findings highlight critical barriers, including topographical difficulties, harsh climatic conditions, and adverse weather, all of which hinder walking and cycling. To address these barriers, this study identifies a range of solutions, including infrastructure enhancements such as bike lifts, e-bike systems, shaded walkways, and heated pavements, as well as policy measures like financial incentives and disincentive regulations. Importantly, this study makes a deliberate effort to avoid overgeneralised solutions by emphasising the need for interventions that are context-sensitive and tailored to specific environmental challenges, urban scales, and local conditions. By providing options for actionable strategies, this research offers a comprehensive foundation for developing inclusive and sustainable policies that encourage active travel in diverse and environmentally constrained urban settings.

Happy Tree Friends is one of cartoon series was created by America. This film is a comedy genre, which is deliberately made for children with funny and interesting characters. This film has been watched by hundreds of thousands of viewers both on television and on YouTube. However, this cartoon film with cute characters is not suitable to be shown to children because it visualizes very tragic scenes of violence and death. So, the aim of this research is to find out the frequency and tendency of violent scenes shown in the cartoon film Happy Tree Friends. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The method used is content analysis. The results of the research after conducting reliability tests based on predetermined categorization stated that 99% of the Happy Tree Friends cartoon films contained scenes of physical violence.

In the domain of transport data science, GPS traces have emerged as a prominent data source for understanding mobility behaviour. These spatial records provide invaluable insights into the geography of movement, offering the ability to identify hotspots of activity, observe temporal dynamics over hours, days, or seasons, and explore behavioural correlations through spatial and statistical analysis. When enriched with additional spatial parameterssuch as proximity to amenities, land use types, or transportation infrastructure-these traces facilitate deeper inferential modelling. However, such analyses are often limited to aggregate trends. Understanding individual-level patterns remains a methodological challenge, especially in the absence of personal user attributes such as age, gender, or occupation.