Hospitals should follow the National Formulary when prescribing medications. In accordance with the National Formulary, the percentage of drug prescriptions in a hospital must be at least 80%, according to the health service quality indicator standard number 30 of 2022 about hospital prescriptions. One of West Nusa Tenggara Province's class C hospitals, the Sumbawa Regional General Hospital treats patients with National Health Insurance (NHI), whose population is steadily growing. The purpose of this study is to assess the Sumbawa Regional General Hospital's suitability to prescribe medications in 2021 in accordance with the National Formulary. Retrospective data gathering is used in the observational research design. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research sample consisted of all prescription sheets for both inpatients and outpatients at the Sumbawa Hospital from January to December 2021. Prescription forms, drug content, dosage strengths, and dosing forms are all indicators of eligibility for prescribing. By comparing the number of prescriptions for drugs written according to the National Formulary with the total number of prescriptions, the suitability percentage was computed. The National Formulary states that 87.65% of medication items are suitable for prescription. According to the National Formulary, 87.65% of medicine items were suitable, and 66.2% of prescription sheets were as well. The Sumbawa Hospital's prescriptions are not 100% in accordance with the National Formulary, yet based on drug items have exceeded the standard indicators of drug prescriptions on hospital (more than 80%).

Drug allergy prevalence is high and predicted to rise in the future. Although allergy labels are essential for patient safety, evidence supports the fact that incorrectly recorded drug allergy labels might lead to suboptimal treatments, increased healthcare costs, prolonged hospital stays, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug allergy risk assessment and subsequent delabeling could be a solution for this problem. Despite the importance of this subject, the number of studies on the prevalence of drug allergies or delabeling is low, especially from Eastern European countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of drug allergies in hospitalized patients and assess the associated risk of future exposure to the reported culprit drugs to evaluate the potential for allergy delabeling. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care teaching hospital of University of Szeged in Hungary, involving adult inpatients across multiple surgical wards. Data collection included patient interviews using a structured questionnaire and subsequent risk assessment. Adverse drug reactions were categorized as high or low risk based on the history of the reported reaction. Of the 1522 study participants, 242 (15.90 %, 95 % CI: 14.14 - 17.82 %) patients reported at least one drug allergy, resulting in a total of 384 reported allergy cases. Among these, 277 cases were included in the risk assessment, with 252 (90.97 %) classified as low risk and eligible for potential allergy delabeling. Antibiotics were the most frequently reported culprit drug, followed by analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Skin manifestations were the most common symptoms. This study highlights the high prevalence of self-reported drug allergies and the significant proportion of low-risk cases suitable for delabeling. Systematic allergy evaluation and delabeling should be a key element of (antibiotic) stewardship programs.

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang diderita oleh pasien usia lanjut (geriatri) dengan persentase kejadian terbanyak yaitu sebesar 57,6%. Hipertensi pada pasien geriatri dapat disebabkan karena penurunan fungsi organ, sehingga akan lebih rentan terkena penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran pola pemberian antihipertensi serta kesesuaian pengobatan hipertensi pada pasien geriatri di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Provinsi NTB tahun 2017. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan observasional secara retrospektif terhadap pasien hipertensi di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Provinsi NTB. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode Total sampling terhadap 97 pasien geriatri. Data yang diperoleh dari bagian rekam medik dan resep ditabulasi dengan software microsoft excel. Setelah dilakukan penelitian didapatkan bahwa terapi untuk hipertensi didominasi oleh obat dengan dua kombinasi yaitu amlodipin dan valsartan (88%). Obat tunggal didominasi oleh amlodipin (75%). Kesesuaian peresepan dilihat dari dosis dan frekuensi terapi antihipertensi telah sesuai 100% dengan pedoman pengobatan, namun jenis obat yang digunakan hanya mencapai 99% dilihat dari pemberian kombinasi 3 antihipertensi dengan kombinasi golongan Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (captopril) dan golongan Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (candesartan) yang menimbulkan potensi interaksi mayor dan efek samping (1%). Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Geriatri, Pola Pemberian Obat.  Hypertension is a disease that affects geriatric with the highest percentage of incidence was 57.6%. Hypertension in geriatric patients can be caused by decreased organ function, so they are more susceptible to disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of antihypertensive drugs also the appropriateness of hypertension therapy in geriatric patients. This study was held in the inpatient Installation of the NTB Provincial Hospital in 2017. The design of this study was descriptive by collecting data retrospectively on 97 geriatric patients. The data obtained from the medical record and prescription sections were processed using Microsoft Excel software. The result showed that the therapy for hypertension was dominated by combination drugs which consist of amlodipine and valsartan (88%) and single drugs were dominated by amlodipine (75%). The appropriateness of prescription was seen from the dosage and frequency in the main therapy (hypertension) was 100% according to the treatment guidelines, but the type of drug that used was only 99% which seen from the giving combination of 3 antihypertensive drugs of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (captopril) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (candesartan) groups which caused interactions major and side effects (1%).

Salah satu harapan terbesar untuk menghentikan pandemi coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) adalah vaksin. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan telah mengeluarkan persetujuan penggunaan darurat Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) untuk penggunaan vaksin COVID-19 dengan mempertimbangkan keadaan emergensi dan bukti terbatas kemanfaatan dan keamanan vaksin tersebut. Pemberian vaksin penuh COVID-19 hingga tanggal 25 Februari 2021 baru mencapai kepada 853.754 orang atau sekitar 0,31% dari jumlah seluruh populasi penduduk Indonesia. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat terkait pentingnya pemberian vaksin COVID-19. Edukasi dilakukan dengan mengadakan webinar menggunakan aplikasi web conference dengan mengundang pembicara ahli di bidang mikrobiologi, farmasi dan kesehatan anak terkait manfaat dan keamanan pemberian vaksin. Pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pentingnya vaksin sebelum dan sesudah edukasi diukur melalui pretest dan post test. Kegiatan edukasi berjudul “Mitos dan Fakta tentang Vaksin COVID19 telah dilakukan dengan metode webinar menggunakan aplikasi zoom. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 110 orang. Kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan rencana. Terdapat peningkatan nilai rerata pre-test dari 77 menjadi 88 pada saat post-test dengan nilai maksimum adalah 100. Kegiatan terlaksana dengan baik, terlihat dari peningkatan nilai rerata pre-test dan post-test.

Background/Objectives: Opioid consumption analysis in Hungary, particularly through ambulatory and hospital sales data, including regional information, is lacking. This study examines opioid use in both sectors, explores regional variations, and identifies influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using sales data from ambulatory and hospital care, quantifying opioid consumption in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants (DID) and per day, or DDD per 100 patient days (DHPD) at national and regional levels. Correlations between opioid utilisation and regional variables were assessed using Spearman’s rank test. Results: Total opioid use has risen from 4.73 DID in 2012 to 6.75 DID in 2021, with weak and oral opioids being the most used. Ambulatory care experienced significant increases in weak (61.48%) and oral opioid use (60.01%). Hospital care experienced a decline in DID and stagnation in DHPD. Tramadol combinations grew notably in ambulatory care, with tramadol-paracetamol rising from 0.37 DID to 2.17 DID (484.61% increase) and tramadol-dexketoprofen from 0.12 DID to 0.91 DID (650.27% increase). Interregional differences showed a maximum to minimum ratio of 1.79 in ambulatory and 3.03 in hospital care in 2021. Positive correlations were found between opioid use and geriatric population percentage (r = 0.475; p = 0.035) and, also, unemployment rate (r = 0.546; p = 0.014). A moderate negative correlation was observed between the number of general practitioners (r = −0.458; p = 0.043) and ambulatory care opioid use. Conclusions: Opioid use is increasing in Hungarian ambulatory care while remaining steady in the hospital sector. Regional variations are possibly linked to demographic and economic factors in ambulatory care.

Background: Hypertension requires ongoing treatment, which could be costly. There are different single-drug therapy options available, such as amlodipine or candesartan, which have varying costs. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness of amlodipine and candesartan in hypertensive patients by determining the Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) and Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) ratios from a hospital perspective. Method: This study used probability sampling of retrospective data from 2021 for the analysis. All inpatients who were given single therapy with amlodipine of 10 mg or candesartan of 16 mg were included. Direct medical costs were collected, including medicine and room costs, doctor visits, medical procedures, labour and administration. The effectiveness of the therapy was measured by blood pressure reduction from each therapy. ACER and ICER analyses were conducted to determine the most cost-effective therapy. Result: A total of 18 samples met the inclusion criteria, 14 patients received amlodipine therapy, and four received candesartan therapy. The results showed that the cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy with amlodipine and candesartan, as measured by ACER, was IDR 74,851.15 and IDR 87,809.25, respectively. The ICER value obtained was IDR 362,768. Conclusion: The results may suggest that amlodipine is more cost-effective than candesartan.