In spite of the development in technology and the recent innovations in dentistry, dental anxiety remains a common issue, and accurately assessing it is challenging due to reliance on patients’ self-reports, which are often biased. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine whether dental anxiety can be quantified objectively using the EDA parameters. EDA (skin conductance (SC), skin susceptance (SS), and skin potential (SP)) parameters and heart rate (HR) were recorded from 40 participants during two different sessions (baseline and anxiety). In addition, the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) scale was also used to record the level of anxiety. The physiological data from EDA and HR were compared with the subjective self-reports of anxiety provided on the MDAS to show whether higher EDA and HR readings correspond to higher scores on the MDAS. To elicit dental anxiety, participants were exposed to several film clips associated with dental treatment. EDA signals were compared between the two sessions for all clips and all EDA scores. SC and HR significantly (p < 0.05) increased during the anxiety session compared to the baseline session. The number of fluctuations per minute in the SC, SS, and SP notably increased during the anxiety session. The MDAS results revealed that the participants had dental anxiety when they were exposed to video clips of dental procedures. The study results imply that EDA parameters could be used as a useful tool to monitor dental anxiety, in particular in young children and non-verbal patients or those with intellectual disabilities, which may aid the dentist in the successful management of dental anxiety during treatment. The moment-to-moment EDA data on a patient’s anxiety levels throughout particular dental operations provides a clearer picture of anxiety variations than pre- or post-appointment surveys alone, in addition to offering unbiased tracking of dental anxiety levels over self-reports. This study seeks to encourage further research into the most effective EDA parameters for improving the management of dental anxiety.

Introduction: Many variables affect tooth eruption time. Eruption time and sequence of teeth is important as part of dental treatment planning in paediatric dentistry, orthodontics treatment, and forensic dentistry to estimate age of the child. Aim: The aim was to study the effect of different socio-demographic and anthropometric variables on eruption time of permanent teeth among Kurds aged 5-15 years in Duhok governorate-Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1418 randomly selected healthy Kurdish students aged 5-15 years of both genders in Duhok governorate. All were clinically examined for tooth emerging through the oral mucosa. Normally and delayed teeth eruption time was correlated to different variables such as gender, residency, socioeconomic status, Body Mass Index (BMI), parents’ job, smoking habits, education, consanguinity, nutritional details, feeding pattern, birth weight, and pregnancy outcomes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0). Numerical variables were presented and summarised as means and standard deviations. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to test association between categorical variables. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were a statistically significant differences with p-value0.05) among eruption time and socioeconomic status, residence, parent’s (education, job, smoking habit), several nutritional details, pregnancy outcome, birth weight, nursing at first year, and finally the introduction of supplementary food for the child. Conclusion: Normal and delayed Eruption time and factors affecting it will be useful in treatment planning in paediatric and orthodontic dentistry as well as in forensic dentistry.