Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Continuous evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles is advised to implement antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs and establish effective empiric antibiotic protocols. AMS may reduce AMR in NICUs and improve sepsis outcomes. In this retrospective observational study, we report data on culture-positive neonatal sepsis, assessing differences after the implementation of an AMS program (2011–2016 vs. 2017–2022). A total of 215 positive bacterial cultures from 169 infants were retrieved, with 79 early-onset (36.7%) and 136 late-onset (63.3%) sepsis episodes. Frequent causative agents for early-onset sepsis were S. agalactiae and E. coli, all susceptible to empiric treatment. Late-onset sepsis was mainly caused by Enterobacterales and S. aureus. Aminoglycosides, cefotaxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam resistance among Enterobacterales was substantially low; S. aureus was mostly susceptible to oxacillin and vancomycin. There were no differences in mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens rates between the two study periods. There were five episodes of fungal late-onset sepsis, mostly due to C. albicans, of which one was fatal. The microbial distribution pattern and AMR profiles overlapped with other European studies. Because susceptibility patterns are rapidly changing worldwide, with the emerging threat of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers, infection prevention and control practices and AMS strategies require continuous optimization to limit selection pressure and AMR escalation.

Background/Objectives: Ichthyosis refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by extensive scaling of the skin. Syndromic ichthyosis, such as KID syndrome, is associated with mutations in connexin 26, resulting in a triad of keratosis, ichthyosis, and deafness. Cochlear implant (CI) is considered an effective rehabilitation option for severe hearing loss in these patients, though challenges related to skin complications may arise. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of CI in patients with ichthyosis, focusing on auditory and communicative abilities. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were included based on the presence of genetically confirmed ichthyosis patients who underwent CI. Results: A total of 29 studies were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 47 patients. Genetic analysis revealed GJB2 mutations in 40 patients, with a prevalence of the c.148G>A (D50N) mutation. All patients experienced sensorineural hearing loss, predominantly severe to profound. CI was performed in all patients, with significant improvements in speech discrimination and auditory thresholds (89.4%). Complications post-implant were noted in 78.6% of cases, primarily involving wound infections and dehiscence. Conclusions: Despite the potential for significant complications, the overall outcomes suggest that CI can markedly enhance the quality of life of subjects. Multidisciplinary approaches and careful surgical planning are crucial to managing these patients effectively. Future research should aim for larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods to further understand CI outcomes in this population.