Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power, high capacity, and support for fast charging are increasingly favored by consumers. As a commercial electrode material for power batteries, LiFePO₄ was limited from further wide application due to its low conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate. The development of advanced architectures integrating rational conductive networks with optimized ion transport pathways represents a critical frontier in optimizing the performance of cathode materials. In this paper, a novel self-supporting cathode material (designated as LFP@LVP-CES) was synthesized through an integrated coaxial electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis strategy. This methodology directly converts LiFePO₄, Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) into flexible, binder-free cathodes with a hierarchical structural organization. The 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) matrix synergistically integrates LiFePO₄ (Li/Fe/PO_x) and Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (Li/V/PO_x) nanoparticles, where CNFs act as a conductive scaffold to enhance electron transport, while the PO_x polyanionic frameworks stabilize Li⁺ diffusion pathways. Morphological characterizations (SEM and TEM) revealed a 3D cross-connected carbon nanofiber matrix (diameter: 250 ± 50 nm) uniformly embedded with active material particles. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the LFP@LVP-CES cathode delivers an initial specific capacity of 165 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, maintaining 80 mAh·g⁻¹ at 5 C. Notably, the material exhibited exceptional rate capability and cycling stability, demonstrating a 96% capacity recovery after high-rate cycling upon returning to 0.1 C, along with 97% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 1 C. Detailed kinetic analysis through EIS revealed significantly reduced R_ct and increased Li⁺ diffusion. This superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects between the 3D conductive network architecture and dual active materials. Compared with traditional coating processes and high-temperature calcination, the preparation of controllable electrospinning and low-temperature pyrolysis to some extent avoid the introduction of harmful substances and reduce raw material consumption and carbon emissions. This original integration strategy establishes a paradigm for designing freestanding electrode architectures through 3D structural design combined with a bimodal active material, providing critical insights for next-generation energy storage systems.

In order to accurately simulate the actual road driving resistance of four-wheel drive motor vehicles based on the chassis dynamometer and efficiently test the vehicle performance, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of the additional loss resistance and the loading resistance of the chassis dynamometer bench system. In this paper, the effects of the drum speed, the sampling speed interval, and basic inertia on the test results of the additional loss resistance are tested and analyzed based on the self-developed chassis dynamometer of a four-wheel drive motor vehicle. The static and dynamic components of the additional loss resistance are defined by linear regression through ordinary least squares, and the additional loss resistance of the four-axis eight-drum chassis dynamometer and mainstream chassis dynamometer system for four-wheel drive motor vehicles are compared. In addition, the effects of the dynamometer type and the control strategy on the loading resistance are discussed, and the transient condition, steady-state condition, and overall operating condition deviation coefficient of loading force are defined, according to which the advantages and disadvantages of the control strategy of the chassis dynamometer system for four-wheel drive motor vehicles are evaluated. The analysis of the influencing factors and laws of the resistance of the four-wheel drive motor vehicle chassis dynamometer bench system can provide a reference basis for accurately simulating the resistance of vehicle road driving based on the bench testing.