The use of amine-based solvents for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture has shown significant promise; however, operational challenges such as high energy requirements, solvent degradation, and equipment corrosion highlight the need for enhanced solutions. This review focuses on identifying amine-based solvents and additives that can improve CO₂ capture efficiency while minimizing costs and avoiding substantial modifications to existing industrial facilities. Specifically, the study emphasizes the development of a comprehensive database of additives to optimize CO₂ capture processes. A detailed analysis of recent advancements in amine-based solvents was conducted, with a focus on (i) process optimization strategies, (ii) sector-specific CO₂ emission profiles, and (iii) equipment issues associated with conventional chemical solvents. The study evaluates these solvents’ kinetic and thermodynamic properties and their potential to address critical operational challenges, including reducing corrosion, solvent viscosity, and evaporation rates. The findings highlight the pivotal role of amino group-containing compounds, particularly alkanolamines, in enhancing CO₂ capture performance. The structural versatility of these compounds, characterized by the presence of hydroxyl groups, facilitates aqueous dissolution while offering kinetic and thermodynamic benefits. This review underscores the importance of continued innovation in solvent chemistry and the integration of amine-based solvents with emerging technologies to overcome current limitations and advance the implementation of efficient and sustainable CO₂ capture technologies.