The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) has long been considered as a zone of weakness in concrete. Many scholars have carried out relatively scattered tentative explorations to improve the performance of ITZ. The application of nanomaterials to enhance ITZ in concrete is a promising research. In order to further study the basic principles and practical applications of this field, it is urgent to systematically sort out the existing results. In this study, the nano-modification of ITZ in concrete is systematically reviewed and summarized. First, this study reviews the microscopic characterization of ITZ, including hydration products, porosity, and microhardness. Then, the influence of nanomaterials on ITZ is reviewed from the view of the above three aspects. Finally, the method and mechanism of the ITZ modified by nanomaterials were preliminarily clarified, which provided theoretical and empirical data support for the team’s next experimental work. A large number of research results show that nanomaterials improve the mechanical properties and microstructure of the ITZ, thus enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. The results of this article will provide source materials for the development of this field, a broader research basis for peer research, and a basis for further development of green engineering materials.

The raw materials of geopolymer come from industrial wastes, which have the advantages of lower carbon emissions and less energy consumption compared with traditional cement products. However, it still has the disadvantages of low strength, easy cracking, and low production efficiency, which limit its engineering application and development. At present, with the application and development of nanotechnology in the field of materials, it is found that nanomaterials have a good filling effect on composites, which greatly improves the integrity of the composites. It has become a very popular research direction to optimize and improve the engineering application performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) by nanomaterials. The modification of nanomaterials can further improve the properties of GPC and expand its application fields in engineering and life. Based on people’s strong interest in nanomaterial-modified GPC and providing the latest and complete research status for further related work, this paper summarized the key technical problems in the field of nanomaterials-modified GPC in the past decade. Those include the modification mechanism, dispersion mode, and mechanical properties of nanomaterials. At the same time, the application bottlenecks and key problems of nanomaterials-modified GPC are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of future work in this field are discussed.