Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect that affects permanent first molars (PFMs) and incisors, leading to caries and early tooth loss. This systematic review investigates the literature for the relationship between stress-related factors and the occurrence of MIH. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, and BASE. Articles were screened and data extracted using the Rayyan platform for systematic reviews. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Six-studies were included, five examined maternal stress during pregnancy while one on stress experienced during early childhood. Out of them, five reported a significant association between stress and MIH. Given the significant variability in stress assessment methods across studies, we were able to include only two studies in the meta-analysis. Although not statistically significant, the meta-analysis showed a tendency for increased odds of MIH in the presence of stress, with an overall odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI: 0.66–3.22). These findings suggest a potential association between psychological stress and MIH. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Addressing current research limitations will improve study reliability and inform preventive strategies to reduce maternal and early childhood stress, potentially mitigating MIH prevalence.

Postgraduate pediatric dental residents' competency, to perform dental rehabilitation procedures under General anesthesia (GA), at different levels of training is challenging for operation time control. An adequate operation time (OT) for children decreases morbidity risk and improves hospital time utilization efficiency. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of pediatric dental resident training level on OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). A cross-sectional study included pediatric dental rehabilitation performed under GA by pediatric dental residents at (KAMC) -Jeddah from October/2015 to September/2022. The primary outcome was OT, and the predictive variable was resident training levels. A linear regression analysis was used to compare OT between procedures performed by junior (years 1–2) or senior (years 3–4) trainees, adjusting for patient and operative factors. One thousand seven pediatric dental rehabilitation cases were performed under GA by junior (13) and senior (31) residents. The univariant analysis indicated that OT for senior residents was significantly longer (13 min) than for junior residents. However, the linear regression analysis showed that senior residents had a significantly shorter OT when considering the more dental procedures performed per case under GA than junior residents. Senior residents took significantly more radiographs and performed more primary pulp therapies and multi-surface anterior colored restorations under GA than junior residents. The OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA is associated with resident training level. The total OT was significantly longer based on procedure number, type, and resident level. The study indicated that senior residents could manage more complex cases in a shorter time. The finding emphasizes the importance of assigning GA cases to residents based on their level and the case's complexity. Additionally, it helps standardize the resident privileges under GA and understand the impact of residency training on hospital efficiency.

Background General anesthesia (GA) is the most frequently used pharmacological intervention in pediatric dental care. Postgraduate pediatric dental residents must perform a variety of pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA at different levels of training. An adequate operation time (OT) decreases morbidity risk and improves hospital time utilization efficiency. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of pediatric dental resident training level on OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA. Methods A cross-sectional study of data from all pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures that were performed under GA by pediatric dental residents at KAMC-Jeddah from 2015 to 2022 was conducted. The primary outcome was OT, and the predictive variable was resident training levels. A linear regression analysis was used to compare OT between procedures performed by junior (years 1–2) or senior (years 3–4) trainees, adjusting for patient and operative factors. Results A total of 1007 pediatric dental rehabilitation cases were performed under GA by junior (25%) and senior (65%) residents. The univariant analysis indicated that senior residents had significantly longer OTs (13 minutes) than junior residents. However, after considering significant variables, the linear regression analysis showed that senior residents had a significantly shorter OT and performed significantly more dental procedures than junior residents. Senior residents took significantly more radiographs and performed significantly more primary pulp therapies and multisurface anterior colored restorations under GA than junior residents. Conclusions The OT for pediatric dental rehabilitation procedures under GA is associated with resident training level. The total operation time was significantly longer based on procedure number, type, and resident level. This finding highlights the importance of assigning procedures that require GA to residents based on their level and the complexity of the case. Additionally, it evaluates residents’ competency development and assesses the impact of residency training programs on hospital efficiency. Trial registration: The KAIMRC Internal Review Board (IRB/1514/22) registered this cross-sectional chart review.