Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de miniestacas caulinar e foliar de Khaya grandifoliola (Meliaceae), conhecida popularmente como mogno-africano. Foram utilizadas minicepas obtidas a partir de mudas de origem seminal. As miniestacas caulinares e foliares apresentavam comprimento de 4 e 8 cm respectivamente, com área foliar reduzida a 75%. As bases das miniestacas foram imersas em quatro concentrações de AIB (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg L-1) por 20 segundos. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos, três repetições e doze miniestacas por repetição. Logo depois do estaqueamento, as miniestacas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação por 90 dias. Após esse período, para as miniestacas foliares foram avaliados a porcentagem de enraizamento e o número de raízes, já para as miniestacas caulinares, analisaram-se apenas seis miniestacas por repetição, avaliando a porcentagem de sobrevivência e enraizamento. As miniestacas caulinares restantes foram transferidas para casa de sombra, onde permaneceram por mais 30 dias, e posteriormente (120 dias após o estaqueamento) avaliaram-se porcentagem de sobrevivência e enraizamento, altura, diâmetro do coleto, e massa seca da parte aérea e raízes. As miniestacas foliares não foram consideradas adequadas para a propagação do mogno-africano, uma vez que não houve desenvolvimento da parte aérea. Para as miniestacas caulinares, a concentração de 2000 mg L-1 de AIB foi a que apresentou a maior taxa de enraizamento (72%), sendo recomendada para a propagação vegetativa por miniestaquia da espécie.

The campos rupestres, ecosystems that are both unique and highly diverse, are home to a variety of endemic species, including Comanthera bisulcata (Eriocaulaceae). This species, of economic importance, has its inflorescences used in handicrafts due to the fact that they retain the appearance of living structures even after being harvested and dried. The trade of these inflorescences depends almost exclusively on extraction, an activity of great importance for the traditional communities of the Espinhaço Meridional municipalities, in Minas Gerais. However, research is essential to improve the management of this native species. In this study, we highlight the importance of pollination for the reproductive success of C. bisulcata, through the investigation of floral visitors and germination tests. We observed pollinators during the flowering period in cultivated beds in campos rupestres area in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. For the germination test, we collected seeds from two different environments: inside greenhouse, isolated from pollinating insects; and in natural habitat, with pollinators’ presence. Subsequently, we subjected the seeds collected from both locations (no pollination and natural pollination) to treatments with/without gibberellin (0 and 500 mg L-1). The species presented a generalist pollination strategy, including visitors that collected both pollen and nectar as well as those who exclusively feed on nectar. We found a greater effect of pollination on germination and only minor effects of gibberellin application. Our results reinforce the importance of pollination in reproductive systems, once gibberellin was not sufficient to overcome the limitation of pollinator absence in C. bisulcata. We conclude that natural pollination is a decisive factor to be considered in management plans for the conservation of C. bisulcata.

A fotogrametria moderna, combinada com Sistemas de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (RPAS) e algoritmos para análises tridimensionais, como o Structure-from-Motion (SfM) está revolucionando o campo da fotogrametria. No setor florestal, a crescente disponibilidade de dados coletados por RPAS oferece oportunidades promissoras para analisar padrões e características da superfície terrestre, além de suas distintas fitofisionomias. Este estudo explora o potencial de imagens obtidas por RPAS, com sensor RGB acoplado, para diferenciar e caracterizar cinco fitofisionomias do Cerrado: Campo Rupestre, Campo Sujo, Cerrado Sentido Restrito, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Pastagens. A análise das imagens resultou em métricas descritivas que capturaram as variações estruturais de cada fitofisionomia, revelando padrões distintos de altura e complexidade vertical da vegetação. Os resultados confirmaram a eficácia da metodologia para a diferenciação dessas formações vegetais, com destaque para a capacidade de caracterizar ambientes complexos e heterogêneos, como a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. A utilização de sensores RGB demonstrou ser uma alternativa economicamente viável para o monitoramento de áreas extensas. Esses resultados têm importantes implicações para a gestão de recursos naturais, o planejamento territorial e o monitoramento ambiental, especialmente em ecossistemas ameaçados como o Cerrado. A metodologia aplicada pode reduzir significativamente os custos de monitoramento ambiental, contribuindo para a preservação da biodiversidade em diversos ecossistemas ao longo do tempo.

The “sempre-vivas” are plants known as “everlasting flowers” because they have inflorescences that retain the appearance of living structures even after being harvested and dried. Given their ornamental potential, some species are widely exploited commercially, and their production occurs almost exclusively through extractivism. However, data on their pollination, reproduction, and germination are limited. Extractivism is an activity of great importance for the residents of the Espinhaço Meridional municipalities, and research is essential for establishing plans and proposals for the management of these native species. Given this scenario, we studied the pollinators and the importance of cross- and autogamy for reproductive success of Janeirona carrasqueira (morphotype of Comanthera bisulcata (Körn) L.R. Parra & Giul), commercially collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. We also evaluated germination and the influence of the exogenous application of gibberellin (GA3) on seeds. Pollinators were observed during the flowering period in beds cultivated with this species in the native Campo Rupestre area of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The inflorescences of the species were collected from two different environments: one isolated from pollinating insects (inside the greenhouse), and the other open in the presence of pollinators. The seeds were removed from the flower heads and subjected to exogenous application of gibberellin (0–control and 500 ppm). The flowers showed a generalist pollination strategy, including visitors who collected pollen and nectar as well as those who exclusively collected nectar. For germination, the most influential factor was cross-pollination and not gibberellin application. We conclude that the pollination system represents a determining mechanism and is a very important factor to be considered in management plans aimed at species conservation. Highlights: – Comanthera bisulcata employs a generalist pollination strategy. – The pollination system is a crucial mechanism for germination. – Cross-pollination is more important than gibberellin application – Reproduction is a crucial aspect to be taken into account in the management plans of the species.

Background Land use plays a critical role in shaping human societies and environmental sustainability. This study investigates strategies influencing land use dynamics and their potential implications for territorial management and public policy development. We propose a new approach to identify three different land use strategies, and to quantify and analyze their spatial relevance. The study area, located in a Brazilian Biosphere Reserve, covers two watersheds with distinct ecosystems and socioeconomic contexts. We implemented the following steps: mapping land use, computing the potential for agricultural use, mapping restricted zones, and computing the strategies. We accessed public databases and performed spatial analyses using Google Earth Engine, Google Colab and QGIS software. Results One of the watersheds exhibits less anthropization and better environmental preservation. Consequently, it presents greater potential for implementing Payment for Environmental Services (PES) programs. The other watershed, with higher anthropization and agricultural intensity, requires more extensive restoration, especially in restricted areas. Conclusion These differences underscore the importance of tailoring land management strategies to specific socioeconomic and environmental characteristics, ensuring effective conservation and territorial management. The primary scientific novelty of this work lies in the methodological integration that transitions from traditional land-use diagnostics to a prescriptive spatial planning framework. Our study contributes to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG 15 (Life on Land), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).