Background/Objectives: Our study describes hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an additional therapy in the conservative treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) and its benefit in the early postoperative period to prevent surgical complications and improve gastrointestinal motility. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated HBOT in patients hospitalized at the Clinical Hospital Center Split for complications of CD between 2015 and 2020. Patients (N = 61) aged 19 to 67 with perianal fistulas, abscesses, fistulas, obstruction, stenosis, or bleeding were included, excluding those with ulcerative colitis or requiring intensive care. Patients were retrospectively divided into conservatively and surgically treated groups, and HBOT was administered over 15–25 days, with treatment lasting 60 min at 2.2 absolute atmospheres (ATA). We analyzed treatment outcomes between the HBOT-treated surgical and conservative groups and compared patients treated with HBOT to a cohort from the preceding five years who did not receive HBOT. Results: We treated 61 CD patients with HBOT, including 34 conservatively and 27 surgically treated patients. HBOT significantly reduced disease activity indices (311.7 ± 59.1 vs. 114 ± 29.8; 203.6 ± 24.1 vs. 83.8 ± 15, for conservatively treated patients, and 352.8 ± 45.7 vs. 109 ± 22.8; 270.4 ± 19.7 vs. 140.3 ± 10.6 for surgically treated patients) and accelerated bowel peristalsis recovery, with 94.1% of conservatively treated patients achieving remission. Comparison with a historical cohort showed faster recovery and improved outcomes in the HBOT group. Conclusions: HBOT is useful in postponing or avoiding surgical treatment, and in operated patients, it improves postoperative recovery and reduces the rate of postoperative complications.

Background/Objectives: The World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) is known to reduce surgical complications and mortality, yet its implementation remains inconsistent across institutions. This study evaluated compliance with a modified SSC and assessed the impact of structured interventions to improve adherence at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. Methods: A before-and-after study analyzed a sample of 1437 completed SSCs over four time points between April 2024 and May 2025: the baseline and after three successive interventions (an official letter from the hospital director emphasizing mandatory SSC use, individual meetings with department heads and head nurses reinforcing its importance, and a quality audit review of SSC completeness with leadership). Checklist completeness was assessed across five SSC sections: General Information, Sign In, Time Out, Sign Out, and Staff Info. Results: Overall checklist completeness increased from 78.3 ± 8.5% at baseline to 86.3 ± 2.5%, 92.0 ± 3.8%, and 94.7 ± 4.8% after the first, second, and third interventions, respectively (p < 0.001). All checklist sections improved significantly: General Info rose from 91.1 ± 6.0% to 98.6 ± 2.6% (p < 0.001); Sign In from 85.0 ± 11.4% to 97.0 ± 3.5% (p = 0.002); Time Out from 79.0 ± 14.6% to 96.4 ± 6.5% (p < 0.001); Sign Out from 70.2 ± 11.2% to 87.7 ± 11.0% (p = 0.003); and Staff Info from 70.7 ± 12.9% to 100.0 ± 0.0% (p < 0.001). Post hoc testing confirmed significant gains versus baseline for all three interventions (Dunnett’s test), with a further significant improvement between the first and third interventions (Tukey’s HSD, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Structured, low-cost interventions emphasizing administrative support, education, and communication significantly improved SSC adherence across a large tertiary hospital. This initiative represents a pioneering effort in Croatia and offers a scalable model for similar public healthcare systems aiming to enhance patient safety.

Background: Transparent and complete reporting of clinical trial information across registries and peer-reviewed publications is essential for reliable interpretation of clinical evidence. Previous studies have demonstrated discrepancies between trial registries and journal publications, but data specifically focusing on transfusion medicine trials remain limited. Objectives: To assess reporting completeness and consistency for key WHO Trial Registration Data Set (WHO TRDS) items and safety outcomes across the trial life cycle in transfusion medicine-related clinical trials. Methods: We conducted an observational study of clinical trials in transfusion medicine with available results registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between January 2011 and May 2019. Reporting of WHO TRDS items was evaluated at three predefined time points: initial registry entry, final registry update, and corresponding peer-reviewed journal publication. Changes and missing items were systematically assessed, and adverse event and mortality reporting were compared between registry records and journal publications. Results: A total of 67 eligible clinical trials were identified, of which 45 had corresponding peer-reviewed journal publications. At initial registration, several TRDS items were frequently missing, particularly timeline and outcome-related fields. Completeness improved substantially in the final registry updates but was not consistently maintained in journal publications, where incomplete or discordant reporting was common for enrolment and completion dates, eligibility criteria, and outcome definitions. Differences between final registry records and publications were observed in the majority of trials. Safety reporting also differed between sources: serious adverse events were reported at similar overall frequencies, but were more detailed in registry entries, whereas deaths were more frequently reported in publications and explicit reporting of zero adverse events was more common in the registry. Conclusions: Clinical trials in transfusion medicine show inconsistencies between registry records and corresponding journal publications across key methodological and safety reporting domains. These differences may limit transparency, reproducibility, and the reliability of evidence synthesis. Closer alignment between trial registries and scientific publications is needed to strengthen the trustworthiness of clinical information in transfusion medicine.

Background/Objectives: Ethical challenges in healthcare require awareness and adherence to professional codes of ethics, particularly in interdisciplinary settings such as tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and awareness of healthcare professionals regarding codes of ethics at the University Hospital of Split in Croatia, which did not have an institutional code at the time of the study. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a structured, anonymous questionnaire was distributed both physically across hospital departments and online via email. Welch’s t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and correlation tests were used to assess associations between favourability scores and participant characteristics. Linear and logistic regression analyses further examined predictors of favourable attitudes. Results: Of 442 returned questionnaires, 377 were complete and included in the analysis, mainly from nurses (56.5%) and physicians (42.7%). The median favourability score was 83.8% (88/105; IQR 78.1–88.6), with 87.0% scoring above the favourable threshold (≥75%). Female gender and higher education were significantly associated with more favourable attitudes. Participants strongly endorsed core principles such as patient confidentiality and autonomy, yet 57.6% considered ethics education during training inadequate, and only 36.3% viewed dual practices as a conflict of interest. Most respondents reported adherence to ethical standards (85.4%), while only over half were familiar with their professional ethics code (64.5%) and the hospital Ethics Committee (56.2%); a total of 66.3% supported introducing a hospital-specific code. Awareness and support for ethical structures were higher among women and those with more education. Conclusions: This study reveals a gap between personal ethical commitment and institutional ethical infrastructure. Strengthening ethics education and implementing a hospital-specific ethics code may enhance organisational ethical culture.

Ring chromosomes (RCs) are rare structural chromosomal abnormalities caused by terminal breaks and fusion of chromosome ends, occurring in approximately 1 in 50,000 live births. They are often associated with “ring chromosome syndrome,” characterized by growth restriction, mild dysmorphism, and variable intellectual disability, even without large deletions. Ring chromosome 2 is exceptionally rare, with fewer than 20 reported cases and limited molecular characterization. We report a 4-year-old male with proportional growth restriction, mild facial dysmorphism, and delayed expressive speech. Cytogenetic analysis identified a mosaic ring chromosome 2, and fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated preserved subtelomeric regions. However, array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 46 kb deletion at 2p25.3 involving the protein-coding gene FAM110C. This case broadens the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of ring chromosome 2 and underscores the value of combining cytogenetic and high-resolution genomic techniques to detect cryptic imbalances contributing to clinical presentation.