Herein, the catalytic properties of a carbonaceous nanocomposite in the catalytic ozonation process (COP) of 2, 4-dinitrophenol (2, 4-DNP) were investigated and the results were compared with those obtained from single ozonation process (SOP). Magnetic carbonaceous nanocomposite, as a novel catalyst, was applied to optimize the condition for the removal of 2, 4-DNP in the COP, and the influential parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, addition of radical scavengers, and durability were all evaluated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of 2, 4-DNP and COD in the COP (98.2, 92%) was higher compared to the SOP (75, 61%) and the highest catalytic potential was achieved at an optimal pH of 6. The first-order modeling demonstrated that the reactions were dependent on the concentration of the catalyst, with the kinetic constants varying from 0.022 (1/min) in the SOP to 1.377 (1/min) in the COP at the catalyst dosage of 4 g/L and the optimum concentration of catalyst (2 g/L). The addition of radical scavenger noticeably diminished the removal efficiency of 2, 4-DNP in the SOP from 75% down to 54%, while the corresponding values for the COP dropped from 98.2 to 93%. Furthermore, a negligible reduction in the catalytic properties of the catalyst was observed (~5%) after five-time reuse. The results also revealed that the applied method is effectively suitable for the removal of 2, 4-DNP contaminant from industrial wastewaters.

Background and Objectives: The world’s second largest permanent hypersaline lake, Lake Urmia, is drying in recent years and the dried bed of the Lake acts as a hypersaline particle emission source. Therefore, we aim to evaluate (for the first time to our knowledge) the association between hypersaline particles and biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation (hs-CRP and fibrinogen) in the residents around the Lake Urmia. Methods: Three regions were selected as clean (region No.1) and polluted regions (region No.2 and No.3) for ambient particulate matter around the Urmia Lake from 2008 to 2015. In order to confirm the selected regions concentration of APM was measured in the selected regions for six months. Totally 123 participants were selected randomly, fibrinogen, hs-CRP and covariates were measured in the selected regions and were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Results: We found a statistically significant association between the hypersaline particles and fibrinogen in both polluted regions. This is while an association between hypersaline particles and hs-CRP was significant only in the polluted region No.2. Conclusions: These results are consistent with our hypothesis that long-term exposure to hypersaline particles originated from drying Urmia hypersaline Lake is related to increased levels of hs-CRP and fibrinogen.