Background: Ageism refers to the presence of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against older adults based on their age. In healthcare settings it negatively impacts opportunities for treatment, rehabilitation, and cure opportunities. This study aims to assess the presence of ageism among healthcare workers toward older patients and to identify the associated sociodemographic, personal, and work-related factors. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus. Studies that assessed the presence of ageism among healthcare professionals through a quantitative or mixed methodology and published between 2014 and 2024 were included. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Healthcare workers generally exhibited low rates of ageism; however, results varied across studies. Although the available literature is limited, workers with less knowledge about aging and less experience, especially in geriatric units, showed higher ageism scores. Intergenerational contact and a wish to work with older people appeared to be important factors for promoting a positive relationship with older adults. Other sociodemographic and sociocultural factors, such as age and sex, were not related to ageism. Workload and work-related factors, such as stress or lack of personnel, might be associated with ageism, but few studies were found to be available to confirm these results. Conclusions: Ageism scores among professionals were low. Gerontological education and clinical and family experience could help reduce ageist attitudes toward older patients among health professionals.

Ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward older adults, represents a global challenge with negative consequences for health, wellbeing, and quality of care. This review aimed to analyze the characteristics and effectiveness of educational interventions designed to reduce ageism in healthcare settings. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus. Eleven primary studies met the inclusion criteria: 1) educational or training interventions targeting healthcare professionals or students; 2) primary studies; 3) quantitative or mixed-methods designs with extractable quantitative outcomes; 4) published between 2020 and 2025; and 5) articles in English or Spanish. Three main types of interventions were identified. First, gerontological education has shown promising effects, particularly when explicitly addressing ageism, although the evidence remains limited. Second, clinical simulation-based interventions yielded mixed results, especially when not supported by structured educational components. Third, empathy-focused interventions were insufficient to reduce ageist attitudes. Only 1 randomized trial was conducted among healthcare professionals. Educational multicomponent interventions, particularly those incorporating gerontological content, may help reduce ageism in healthcare settings. However, the available evidence is limited and heterogeneous, and remains largely restricted to student populations. Further methodologically robust studies, particularly among practicing healthcare professionals and in real clinical settings, are needed to determine whether improvements in attitudes translate into sustained changes in clinical practice.

Background/Objectives: Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) has been prescribed for over seventy years to prevent thromboembolic complications associated with various conditions. The emergence of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has reduced the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), but specific clinical scenarios still necessitate VKAs. Nurses play a crucial role in managing OAT, and their self-efficacy is essential for optimal patient outcomes. This study aims to validate and adapt the Nursing Self-Efficacy for Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Management (SE-OAM) questionnaire to Spanish (SE-OAM-SV) to assess nurses’ self-efficacy in managing OAT. Methods: A methodological design was employed to develop the validity and reliability of the SE-OAM-SV. The process included translation and back-translation, expert review, and a pilot study. Content validity was analyzed using the content validity index (CVI), modified kappa coefficient, and Aiken’s V. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 nurses across Spain to test the SE-OAM-SV and identify comprehension issues. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The translation process highlighted some items requiring clarification, which were resolved through expert consultation. The SE-OAM-SV demonstrated adequate content validity with a global CVI of 0.86. The pilot study revealed an average participant age of 41.3 years and 17.3 years of professional experience. The SE-OAM-SV showed high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96. The average score of participants on the SE-OAM-SV was 56.8 points, indicating room for improvement in all aspects of the scale. Conclusion: The SE-OAM-SV is a reliable and valid tool for measuring nurses’ self-efficacy in managing OAT in Spanish-speaking communities. This tool can facilitate the development of educational programs and public policies to enhance nurses’ self-efficacy and improve patient outcomes. The availability of the SE-OAM-SV supports larger-scale studies and validation in other Spanish-speaking countries.

Background: Ageism is a global public health concern associated with poorer health outcomes and inequities in care. Culturally adapted instruments are needed to assess ageist attitudes among healthcare professionals in Spain. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the preliminary psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA-SV). Methods: A methodological study was conducted, including translation and back-translation, expert review, and a pilot test. Content validity was assessed using the content validity index (CVI), the modified kappa coefficient, and Aiken’s V. A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with 101 healthcare professionals from a single health department in Valencia to evaluate comprehension and reliability. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Results: Content validity indices indicated acceptable agreement among experts (S-CVI = 0.745; Aiken’s V = 0.770). All items were retained to preserve conceptual and structural equivalence with the original instrument. The FSA-SV demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.903; McDonald’s omega = 0.915). The mean total score was 51.2 (SD = 9.62), with no significant associations observed between ageism and participants’ sociodemographic or professional variables. Conclusions: This pilot study represents a first step in the cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the FSA-SV for use among healthcare professionals in Spain. The results suggest that the instrument shows promising initial properties for the preliminary assessment of ageism, supporting its potential utility in future research and in evaluating educational and organizational interventions aimed at reducing ageism and improving the quality and safety of care for older adults. Further studies with larger, more diverse samples are required to evaluate additional psychometric properties, including the factorial structure.