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Climate change affects crop production by distorting the indestructible productive power of the land. The objective of this study is to examine the economic impacts of climate change on net crop income in Nile Basin Ethiopia using a Ricardian fixed effect approach employing the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) household survey data for Ethiopia in 2015 and 2016. The survey samples were obtained through a three-stage stratified sampling technique from the five regions (Amhara, Tigray, Benishangul Gumuz, Oromia, and Southern Nation Nationality and People (SNNP) along the Nile basin Ethiopia. There are only 12–14% female household heads while there are 80–86% male households in the regions under study. In the regions, more than half of (64%) the household heads are illiterate and almost only one-tenth of them (12%) had received remittance from abroad from their relatives or children. Crop variety adoption rate is minimal, adopted by the 31% of farmers. Only 30% of the surveyed farmers mentioned that they planted their crop seeds in row whereas the rest 70% had not applied this method. The regression results from the fixed effect least square dummy variable model showed that literacy, household size, remittance, asset value, and total land holdings have significant and positive impacts on the net crop income per hectare. The regional dummy variables estimate indicated that all the regions are negatively affected by climate change at varying levels. Strategies to climate change adaptation have significant and positive contributions in leveraging the damaging effects of climate change. The results also showed that increased winter and summer temperature and rainfall increase net crop income per hectare. The estimated coefficient of the interaction term of spring temperature and rainfall is significant and negative. On the other hand, while the mean annual temperature is damaging to crops, annual rainfall is beneficial. It can be deduced that, while increased temperature and rainfall in summer and winter increase the net crop income, the converse is true for winter and spring seasons. The study also proposes a specific, context-dependent, farm-level adaptation analysis of how farmers cope with the different climatic impacts of the Nile Basin and maintain the income levels that they have previously enjoyed.
Melese Baylie; Csaba Fogarassy. Examining the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Net Crop Income in the Ethiopian Nile Basin: A Ricardian Fixed Effect Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7243 .
AMA StyleMelese Baylie, Csaba Fogarassy. Examining the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Net Crop Income in the Ethiopian Nile Basin: A Ricardian Fixed Effect Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelese Baylie; Csaba Fogarassy. 2021. "Examining the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Net Crop Income in the Ethiopian Nile Basin: A Ricardian Fixed Effect Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7243.
One of the new fronts in food research is related to waste reuse and the impact of by-products on food nutrition intensity. These foods are Waste-to-Value (WTV) products that are suitable for demonstrating the processes of the circular economy (CE), in which another excess material is converted into a new food, generating higher nutritional properties. The manifestation of customer reaction is very strong when buying these products. Consumer findings can strongly support or hinder the development of circular systems through our purchasing decisions. In this way, it is essential to evaluate consumer WTV foods to learn about related consumer habits. Consumers can support or hinder the circular economy with their purchasing intentions. This analysis’s primary objective is to evaluate what different factors can be applied to consumers’ perception in purchasing sustainable WTV foods towards CE. In this study, a well-constructed questionnaire was prepared. Five hundred and forty-four (544) people participated in the survey, of which, 499 samples were analyzed. The primary research question was, “Would the consumer buy a sustainable Waste-to-Value (WTV) food product that affects the environment when it is produced? That is, it does not come from a circular system?” The other question is, how do the origin of products, information on production/nutritional value, consumer education, and certain socio-demographic characteristics affect the value of waste value for sustainable food consumption? According to the research results, in the case of the surveyed consumers, the younger age group (18–35 years old) shows a greater preference for buying sustainable products. It is also a surprising and new result that gender characteristics in this age group do not influence consumption patterns. Women and men showed the same preferences. Our second hypothesis is that education positively affects consumer intentions for sustainable WTV foods and especially organic products. The questionnaire did not confirm this.
Shahjahan Ali; Shahnaj Akter; Csaba Fogarassy. Analysis of Circular Thinking in Consumer Purchase Intention to Buy Sustainable Waste-To-Value (WTV) Foods. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5390 .
AMA StyleShahjahan Ali, Shahnaj Akter, Csaba Fogarassy. Analysis of Circular Thinking in Consumer Purchase Intention to Buy Sustainable Waste-To-Value (WTV) Foods. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahjahan Ali; Shahnaj Akter; Csaba Fogarassy. 2021. "Analysis of Circular Thinking in Consumer Purchase Intention to Buy Sustainable Waste-To-Value (WTV) Foods." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5390.
The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.
Apolka Ujj; Kinga Percsi; Andras Beres; Laszlo Aleksza; Fernanda Diaz; Csaba Gyuricza; Csaba Fogarassy. Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4392 .
AMA StyleApolka Ujj, Kinga Percsi, Andras Beres, Laszlo Aleksza, Fernanda Diaz, Csaba Gyuricza, Csaba Fogarassy. Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (10):4392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleApolka Ujj; Kinga Percsi; Andras Beres; Laszlo Aleksza; Fernanda Diaz; Csaba Gyuricza; Csaba Fogarassy. 2021. "Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10: 4392.
In the case of developing countries, it is not clear which crisis management tools will ensure sustainable development in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, as well as reducing CO2 emissions in addition to ensuring GDP growth. The next analysis discusses the details of this issue. The study explores the connection between per capita GDP, emission of CO2, combustible energy, and waste consumption. The Hausman test ratifies that the regression model with the fixed effect is the proper method for the panel balanced data from 1990 to 2019 in the selected 13 countries of the EU. This study ordered the data into three categories (for 13 selected countries, the top nine EU countries (in GDP), and Visegrad countries (Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland)). The study found a significant positive effect of combustible energy and waste consumption and the negative impact of CO2 emission on GDP per capita. The cointegration test confirms that all three variables are cointegrated. This implies a long-term link among all three variables in the context of all three types of the selected panel. The Granger causality results ensure that there is a two-way cause–effect relation between the variables. The study strongly recommends that developed European Union countries (the top nine EU countries) increase energy production from biomass-based renewable energy and waste to stimulate economic growth. The same strategy was not recommended in the Visegrad countries because of the much lower GDP growth due to the N-shaped Kuznets curve. In these countries, it is advisable to avoid unexpected increases in CO2 emissions from biomass and fossil fuel-burning, to achieve greenhouse gas reductions using other circular, platform-based models instead of simple biomass energy production. Due to the low level of energy efficiency and the lack of application of technological innovation, the energy use of biomass can significantly slow down GDP growth in less developed EU countries (such as the V4 countries).
Shahjahan Ali; Shahnaj Akter; Csaba Fogarassy. The Role of the Key Components of Renewable Energy (Combustible Renewables and Waste) in the Context of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Selected Countries in Europe. Energies 2021, 14, 2034 .
AMA StyleShahjahan Ali, Shahnaj Akter, Csaba Fogarassy. The Role of the Key Components of Renewable Energy (Combustible Renewables and Waste) in the Context of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Selected Countries in Europe. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahjahan Ali; Shahnaj Akter; Csaba Fogarassy. 2021. "The Role of the Key Components of Renewable Energy (Combustible Renewables and Waste) in the Context of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Selected Countries in Europe." Energies 14, no. 8: 2034.
A lack of adaptive capacities for climate change prevents poor farmers from diversifying agricultural production in Bangladesh’s drought-resilient areas. Climate change adaptation strategies can reduce the production risk relating to unforeseen climatic shocks and increase farmers’ food, income, and livelihood security. This paper investigates rice farmers’ adaptive capacities to adapt climate change strategies to reduce the rice production risk. The study collected 400 farm-level micro-data of rice farmers with the direct cooperation of Rajshahi District. The survey was conducted during periods between June and July of 2020. Rice farmers’ adaptive capacities were estimated quantitatively by categorizing the farmers as high, moderate, and low level adapters to climate change adaptation strategies. In this study, a Cobb–Douglas production function was used to measure the effects of farmers’ adaptive capacities on rice production. The obtained results show that farmers are moderately adaptive in terms of adaptation strategies on climate change and the degree of adaptation capacities. Agronomic practices such as the quantity of fertilizer used, the amount of labor, the farm’s size, and extension contacts have a substantial impact on rice production. This study recommends that a farmer more significantly adjusts to adaptation strategies on climate change to reduce rice production. These strategies will help farmers to reduce the risk and produce higher quality rice. Consequently, rice farmers should facilitate better extension services and change the present agronomic practice to attain a higher adaptation status. It can be very clearly seen that low adaptability results in lower rice yields.
Shahjahan Ali; Bikash Ghosh; Ataul Osmani; Elias Hossain; Csaba Fogarassy. Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Rice Production: Evidence from Rajshahi District in Bangladesh. Agronomy 2021, 11, 600 .
AMA StyleShahjahan Ali, Bikash Ghosh, Ataul Osmani, Elias Hossain, Csaba Fogarassy. Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Rice Production: Evidence from Rajshahi District in Bangladesh. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahjahan Ali; Bikash Ghosh; Ataul Osmani; Elias Hossain; Csaba Fogarassy. 2021. "Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Rice Production: Evidence from Rajshahi District in Bangladesh." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 600.
Circular solutions are essential to tackle the imminent challenges of depleting resources and emerging environmental problems. The complex nature of material and energy systems and the changing economic and technological conditions depend on regional settings and accordingly result differently in developed and rapidly developing countries of the world. A wide variety of theoretical approaches can be used to facilitate a shift from the linear use of resources to circular systems, e.g., circular product planning, zero waste management, service-based repairing, refurbishing, and remanufacturing, to name just a few. The introduction and examination of circular solutions can be based on theoretical models in order to guarantee and ensure a successful application. The successful application of innovative technology approaches, business solutions, and organizational development can be facilitated through theoretical models and new scientific results that support innovation processes. The presented article focuses on sustainable and innovative methods that help and enable the proper use and recovery of resources.
Csaba Fogarassy; David Finger. Theoretical and Practical Approaches of Circular Economy for Business Models and Technological Solutions. Resources 2020, 9, 76 .
AMA StyleCsaba Fogarassy, David Finger. Theoretical and Practical Approaches of Circular Economy for Business Models and Technological Solutions. Resources. 2020; 9 (6):76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Fogarassy; David Finger. 2020. "Theoretical and Practical Approaches of Circular Economy for Business Models and Technological Solutions." Resources 9, no. 6: 76.
Among the renewable energy sources, increasing the use of biomass (agricultural by-products) could be important from both an environmental and a climate protection perspective, but in many cases this is not a part of the current practice. Especially in developing countries, a large amount of agricultural waste suitable for energy use remains unused, remaining on the arable land or being burned in the field. Complicating matters is the fact that some countries have significant fossil energy reserves. This is also the case in Kosovo, which has the largest reserves of coal reserves (lignite) in southeastern Europe. An important question is how polluting and non-climate-friendly fossil fuels are to be replaced when they are available cheaply and in large quantities. The function of the political and economic models used in Europe has local specificity. It is not possible to copy the good solutions introduced by each country because of differences in the economic systems and farmers. Previous research has paid little attention to the producer conditions for available waste biomass sales. Studies have not examined the sales attitudes of farmers, or under what conditions they are willing to sell a larger proportion of the straw produced—of course, in such a way that they also meet the needs of animal husbandry, nutrients, and carbon supply. Using binary logistics regression and descriptive statistics not yet used in previous research, we analyzed the factors that influence farmers’ willingness to sell, sales barriers, and incentives. According to the respondents, the biggest barriers to selling straw are the lack of a market (74.1%) and baling machines (50.9%), while the main incentives may be a good price (75%) and a guaranteed contract (67.8%). The farmers surveyed believe that, in a safe market, with a multiyear contractual agreement, they would sell more than half of their straw for biomass energy production. The use of straw in animal husbandry is declining due to the introduction of new technological solutions, so the use of straw for energy purposes is an increasingly topical issue in the rapidly developing southeastern European countries as well. Based on our research results, it can be stated that the majority of farmers are willing to sell more than 50% of the amount of straw produced for energy purposes if the business model and state regulations are appropriate.
Prespa Ymeri; Csaba Gyuricza; Csaba Fogarassy. Farmers’ Attitudes Towards the Use of Biomass as Renewable Energy—A Case Study from Southeastern Europe. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4009 .
AMA StylePrespa Ymeri, Csaba Gyuricza, Csaba Fogarassy. Farmers’ Attitudes Towards the Use of Biomass as Renewable Energy—A Case Study from Southeastern Europe. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4009.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrespa Ymeri; Csaba Gyuricza; Csaba Fogarassy. 2020. "Farmers’ Attitudes Towards the Use of Biomass as Renewable Energy—A Case Study from Southeastern Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4009.
Because of the climate change and emerging need for an environmentally sustainable production system, circular economic characteristics have come to the front in many studies. There are many challenges in this shift toward a circular value chain. Still, it is unquestionable that the analysis of consumers’ behaviour is crucial, because without their engagement, circular systems cannot work correctly. This article aimed to explore the circular characteristics of consumers’ attitude towards food purchasing in Hungary. Factor and cluster analyses were applied for market segmentation. The question to be answered was the following: “Are there any segments in the Hungarian food market that can be aimed at by different marketing tools to promote circular systems?” The hypothesis was that well-defined segments can be separated, garnering more engagement in the circular value chain in Hungary. We could separate two clusters, in which the members’ opinions were in line with the circular economic characteristics. Summing up the features of the different clusters, we can state that the members in cluster 1 (“Information-dependent”) and cluster 3 (“Direct purchasers”) were in the most local dimension; their attitude was the most adequate for the circular economic values. The “Information-dependent” consumer in particular was remarkable from the aspect of this investigation. This study showed that highly educated young people, who are very conscious consumers and live on good incomes, may be the target group for circular innovation. These young consumers usually buy organic food, are confident internet and software users, live in cities, and follow a healthy lifestyle. Finding the right marketing tools to integrate these consumers into more sustainable circular systems effectively and to be committed to the concepts of circular consumption is an essential mission in the future. Collecting from different databases and continuously analysing consumer feedback can be a huge step towards in achieving sustainable consumption and avoiding food waste. The significance of this analysis was that we found a defined segment that represents propensity towards accepting circular economy values and can be the target group of policies integrating circular systems.
Csaba Fogarassy; Kinga Nagy-Pércsi; Sinazo Ajibade; Csaba Gyuricza; Prespa Ymeri. Relations between Circular Economic “Principles” and Organic Food Purchasing Behavior in Hungary. Agronomy 2020, 10, 616 .
AMA StyleCsaba Fogarassy, Kinga Nagy-Pércsi, Sinazo Ajibade, Csaba Gyuricza, Prespa Ymeri. Relations between Circular Economic “Principles” and Organic Food Purchasing Behavior in Hungary. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (5):616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Fogarassy; Kinga Nagy-Pércsi; Sinazo Ajibade; Csaba Gyuricza; Prespa Ymeri. 2020. "Relations between Circular Economic “Principles” and Organic Food Purchasing Behavior in Hungary." Agronomy 10, no. 5: 616.
According to decision no. 491/QD-TTg signed in 2018 by the Vietnamese Prime Minister approving adjustments to the national strategy for the general management of solid waste until 2025 with a vision toward 2050, Vietnam has committed itself to move toward collecting, transporting, and treating 100% of non-household waste by 2025 and 85% of waste discharged by households by 2025. This paper aims to determine which is the best sustainable solid waste management system out of those that have been formulated by World Bank experts for Hanoi until 2030 for implementing the national strategy. The paper compares four distinct solid waste management enhancement alternatives, namely, “Improving the current system for waste collection and transportation”; “Reducing, reusing, and recycling waste at source”; “Mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plants for classifying, composting, and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for the cement industry”; and “MBT plants for classifying, composting, and RDF for waste-to-energy/incineration plants”. The comparison was made using an analytic hierarchy process. As a result, the research indicated that “MBT plants for classifying, composting, and RDF for waste-to-energy/incineration plants” has the highest ranking in terms of a sustainable solution for the municipal solid waste management system. Therefore, it should be applied for managing the current situation in Hanoi. At the same time, the sustainable development of the system must seek to decrease the waste-to-energy ratio continuously and significantly through the planned reuse of materials that can be recycled to industry. According to the literature, in major cities in Asia and Africa, development programs are moving toward waste-to-energy solutions. The EU’s circular innovation programs and action plan may be in the opposite direction to this trend.
Nguyen Huu Hoang; Csaba Fogarassy. Sustainability Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Hanoi (Vietnam)—Why to Choose the ‘Waste-to-Energy’ Concept. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1085 .
AMA StyleNguyen Huu Hoang, Csaba Fogarassy. Sustainability Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Hanoi (Vietnam)—Why to Choose the ‘Waste-to-Energy’ Concept. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen Huu Hoang; Csaba Fogarassy. 2020. "Sustainability Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Hanoi (Vietnam)—Why to Choose the ‘Waste-to-Energy’ Concept." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1085.
Csaba Fogarassy; Dorottya Ivanyos; Tamás Bori; László Ózsvári. Value-creating processes of circular business models in the development of IT systems. Hungarian Agricultural Engineering 2020, 30 -36.
AMA StyleCsaba Fogarassy, Dorottya Ivanyos, Tamás Bori, László Ózsvári. Value-creating processes of circular business models in the development of IT systems. Hungarian Agricultural Engineering. 2020; (38):30-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Fogarassy; Dorottya Ivanyos; Tamás Bori; László Ózsvári. 2020. "Value-creating processes of circular business models in the development of IT systems." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering , no. 38: 30-36.
Márton Czikkely; Dorottya Ivanyos; László Ózsvári; Csaba Fogarassy. Digitization and big data system of intelligence management in smart dairy farming. Hungarian Agricultural Engineering 2020, 49 -55.
AMA StyleMárton Czikkely, Dorottya Ivanyos, László Ózsvári, Csaba Fogarassy. Digitization and big data system of intelligence management in smart dairy farming. Hungarian Agricultural Engineering. 2020; (38):49-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMárton Czikkely; Dorottya Ivanyos; László Ózsvári; Csaba Fogarassy. 2020. "Digitization and big data system of intelligence management in smart dairy farming." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering , no. 38: 49-55.
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that consists of the degradation of organic polymers and biomass minerals in lignocellulose materials. At low pyrolysis temperature (300–400 °C), primarily carbon is produced during the reaction time. Rapid pyrolysis takes place at temperatures between 500 and 650 °C. If the temperature is higher than 700 °C, the final product is methane, also known as biogas. The pyrolysis generator can be combined with a small power plant (CHP), which is a promising technology because the unit can be installed directly near the biomass production, and electricity can be fed de-centrally to the public utility network, while there are several possibilities for using waste heat in local systems. Carbonaceous ash can be utilized well in the agricultural field, because, in areas with intensive farming, the soil suffers from carbon and mineral deficiencies, and the phenomenon of material defect can be reduced by a proper level of implementation. This study describes the technical content of the biochar pilot project, and then, through a detailed presentation of the experimental results, we interpret the new scientific results. Our aim is to improve the quality of the produced gas by increasing the efficiency of the pyrolysis generator. In order for the pyrolysis unit to operate continuously, with proper efficiency and good gas quality, it is necessary to optimize the operation process. Our review reveals that the use of vibration may be advantageous during pyrolysis, which affects the mass of the pyrolysis carbon in a plane. Accordingly, the application of vibration to the input section of the funnel might enhance the quality of the gas, as well. The study concludes that more accurate dimensioning of the main parts of the gas reactor and a more convenient design of the oxidation and reduction zones enhance the good-quality gas output.
Csaba Fogarassy; Laszlo Toth; Marton Czikkely; David Christian Finger. Improving the Efficiency of Pyrolysis and Increasing the Quality of Gas Production through Optimization of Prototype Systems. Resources 2019, 8, 182 .
AMA StyleCsaba Fogarassy, Laszlo Toth, Marton Czikkely, David Christian Finger. Improving the Efficiency of Pyrolysis and Increasing the Quality of Gas Production through Optimization of Prototype Systems. Resources. 2019; 8 (4):182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Fogarassy; Laszlo Toth; Marton Czikkely; David Christian Finger. 2019. "Improving the Efficiency of Pyrolysis and Increasing the Quality of Gas Production through Optimization of Prototype Systems." Resources 8, no. 4: 182.
Marton Czikkely; Nguyen Huu Hoang; Csaba Fogarassy. CIRCULAR TRANSFORMATION OF CURRENT BUSINESS SOLUTIONS IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT. Polish Journal of Management Studies 2019, 20, 196 -209.
AMA StyleMarton Czikkely, Nguyen Huu Hoang, Csaba Fogarassy. CIRCULAR TRANSFORMATION OF CURRENT BUSINESS SOLUTIONS IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT. Polish Journal of Management Studies. 2019; 20 (2):196-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarton Czikkely; Nguyen Huu Hoang; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "CIRCULAR TRANSFORMATION OF CURRENT BUSINESS SOLUTIONS IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT." Polish Journal of Management Studies 20, no. 2: 196-209.
Organic farming is one of the most developed and accepted production systems from the aspect of sustainability. In this study, the Hungarian organic market was segmented on the basis of attitude-relating motivations of organic food purchasing. A descriptive statistic was used for the whole sample, and factor and cluster analysis was applied to segment the organic consumers. A sample of 247 questionnaires was processed to investigate the behavior and characteristics of Hungarian organic food consumers. Our aim was to explore the Hungarian organic consumer market from the aspect of trust in labels, we would like to find answers to the questions “Which kind of information consumers check on the product?” and “What are the main influencing factors of purchase decisions?”. According to our research, the majority of organic food consumers say that color is not as important as taste or freshness, so they do not associate the color of the product with the freshness of the product. Based on the factor analysis, four clusters could be separated that show different shopping motives and differ in their attitude towards food shopping. We named these clusters: Health-conscious, Disappointed, Safe and free food eaters, and Quality-price comparators. Based on the recognized consumer segments, different information should be communicated to consumers so that they can use it in their consumer decisions. Our research suggests that branding or product labeling is not as important to organic food consumers as we previously thought.
Kinga Nagy-Pércsi; Csaba Fogarassy. Important Influencing and Decision Factors in Organic Food Purchasing in Hungary. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6075 .
AMA StyleKinga Nagy-Pércsi, Csaba Fogarassy. Important Influencing and Decision Factors in Organic Food Purchasing in Hungary. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):6075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Nagy-Pércsi; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "Important Influencing and Decision Factors in Organic Food Purchasing in Hungary." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 6075.
Our study deals with the control of Hungarian state-owned business associations in order to find out whether there is any correlation between corporate sustainability and compliance. According to our hypothesis, the state has a greater responsibility for the sustainable operation of state-owned enterprises—one of the tools of which can be the efficient construction of so-called compliance controls. A state-owned enterprise can be sustained in its operation and function by doing what it has been assigned to it as a task. The sustainable operation can be achieved through the use of circular feedback and continuous control. Corporate sustainability can be influenced by a number of factors that are crucial to the integrity and adequacy of companies. In our study, these are the Initial Hazard Factors (IHFs), Hazardous Increasing Factors (HIFs), and Control Enhancement Factors (CEFs), which were used in indexed form for testing. For the specific analysis, we used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to rank and evaluate risk avoidance options. We analyzed the practice of the State Audit Office of Hungary and its results and found that in the case of state-owned enterprises, the current Hungarian legal system does not contain uniform normative regulations that would regulate the control of conformity in a broader sense. As a result, corporate integrity and corporate compliance are also subject to a fragmented set of rules in different jurisdictions. This has a negative impact on the development of the company’s long-term, sustainable operating principles. Based on our research, a number of factors have been identified (including enterprise size and intensive use of EU funding resources) that may result in a loss of corporate sustainability but can be mitigated or even eliminated by creating an effective internal control environment. Based on literature analysis, most of the Hungarian phenomena are typical of the former socialist countries of Central Europe. The interpretation of sustainability—in transition management countries—for first-generation enterprises which were developed in a socialist market economy is quite different from the most developed countries of the European Union. The main reason for this is that generational rules do not yet exist.
Anita Boros; Csaba Fogarassy. Relationship between Corporate Sustainability and Compliance with State-Owned Enterprises in Central-Europe: A Case Study from Hungary. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5653 .
AMA StyleAnita Boros, Csaba Fogarassy. Relationship between Corporate Sustainability and Compliance with State-Owned Enterprises in Central-Europe: A Case Study from Hungary. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnita Boros; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "Relationship between Corporate Sustainability and Compliance with State-Owned Enterprises in Central-Europe: A Case Study from Hungary." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5653.
Consumers and producers are becoming more open to the usage of natural cosmetics. This can be seen in them using a variety of natural cosmetic resources and materials. This fact is further supported by the trend of environmental and health awareness. These phenomena can be found within both the producers’ and the consumers’ behavior. Our research supports that green or natural products’ role in the cosmetics industry is getting more and more pronounced. The role of science is to determine the variables suggesting the consumer to change to natural cosmetics. The primary aim of our research is to find out to what extent the characteristics of the consumption of organic foods and natural cosmetics differ. We would like to know what factors influence consumer groups when buying green products. The novelty of the analyses is mainly that consumers were ordered into clusters, based on consuming bio-foodstuffs and preferring natural cosmetics. The cluster analysis has multiple variables, namely: Consumer behavior in light of bio-product, new natural cosmetics brand, or health- and environmental awareness preferences. The data was collected using online questionnaire, exclusively in Hungary during April–May of 2018. 197 participants answered our questions. The results of descriptive statistics and the cluster analysis show that there are consumers who prefer natural cosmetics, whereas some of them buy traditional ones. A third group use both natural and ordinary cosmetics. The results suggest that on the market of cosmetic products, health and environmental awareness will be a significant trend for both producer and consumer behavior, even in the future. However, it will not necessarily follow the trends of the foodstuffs industry, as the health effect spectrum of cosmetics is far shorter. In the future, the palette of natural cosmetics will become much wider. The main reason for this will be the appearance of green cosmetics materials and environmentally friendly production methods (mostly for packaging). The consumers will also have the possibility to choose the ones that suit them the most.
Nora Amberg; Csaba Fogarassy. Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market. Resources 2019, 8, 137 .
AMA StyleNora Amberg, Csaba Fogarassy. Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market. Resources. 2019; 8 (3):137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNora Amberg; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market." Resources 8, no. 3: 137.
Food consumption plays a pivotal role in the economy and the health of individuals. Foods and meals, in addition to sustaining life, also have many functions in society, such as human bonding. The purpose of our study is to present a qualitative research method to show the role of food consumption in the culture of several ethnic groups, and to introduce the ways in which cultural factors influence eating habits and local food supply conditions. In the first part of the research, the sample was a mix of multiple nationalities. During our investigations, the main questions were: What do you think about the culture and value food consumption? What kind of food do you consume the most? What differences do you find in the habits of different ethnic groups, especially regarding their eating habits? In the second part, we asked the main actors of the local supply system (restaurants, buffets, shops) about the ways they track the demand of foreign students. Our results have been implemented into two different SWOT matrixes. We can conclude that such research on food consumption attitudes and community behavior is essential. Most of the interviewed students are interested in comparing their diet and cultural traditions to those of other nations’, and prefer local foods. The study proved that eating habits in Hungary have an impact on the eating habits of international students, and they changed them from several perspectives. The study found that dietary choices are complex decisions that have a significant environmental and social impact, but we need to add that thanks to the strong cultural background, the students can keep their sustainable eating and community values abroad, which can also strongly influence the development of the local food supply practices.
Nikolett Nemeth; Ildiko Rudnak; Prespa Ymeri; Csaba Fogarassy. The Role of Cultural Factors in Sustainable Food Consumption—An Investigation of the Consumption Habits among International Students in Hungary. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3052 .
AMA StyleNikolett Nemeth, Ildiko Rudnak, Prespa Ymeri, Csaba Fogarassy. The Role of Cultural Factors in Sustainable Food Consumption—An Investigation of the Consumption Habits among International Students in Hungary. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolett Nemeth; Ildiko Rudnak; Prespa Ymeri; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "The Role of Cultural Factors in Sustainable Food Consumption—An Investigation of the Consumption Habits among International Students in Hungary." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3052.
The implementation practices of the circular economy (CE) put a strong emphasis on preventing material losses in economic processes. The general interpretation of the concept focuses on closing technological and biological cycles by reintegrating end-of-life products into production and consumption systems. Thus, “closed loops” have become a trademark of circular transition. However, this limited perception fails to cover the essence of the CE. Besides closure, the utility of material loops can be prolonged, and a conscious consumer attitude may even prevent the creation of unnecessary material flows. This paper aims at proving that the preference of closed loops would result in deadweight losses in the long run. The conducted analysis ranks EU member states according to the most anticipated material flow indicators. Then, the study presents a new methodology to measure circular efficiency based on the available ecological capacity of the countries. The outcomes show that the poorly performing actors are in fact not far from a sustainable operation. Meanwhile, the countries with the most efficient material flow values present the widest development gap to reach the ideal level of circularity.
Balint Horvath; Miriam Bahna; Csaba Fogarassy. The Ecological Criteria of Circular Growth and the Rebound Risk of Closed Loops. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2961 .
AMA StyleBalint Horvath, Miriam Bahna, Csaba Fogarassy. The Ecological Criteria of Circular Growth and the Rebound Risk of Closed Loops. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalint Horvath; Miriam Bahna; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "The Ecological Criteria of Circular Growth and the Rebound Risk of Closed Loops." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2961.
In recent years, we have read a lot of research aimed at creating a small, easy-to-mobilize pyrolysis unit. But these devices were not efficiently designed. According to literature data, small equipment (5.0–50 kW) has to be considered differently on the combustion aspects, compared to a larger pyrolysis unit. The main purpose of our research is to determine the operating characteristics of a small fixed bedding CHP (combined heat and power) pyrolysis power plant. At the design stage, it is also critical to know the properties of the biomass (usually different biological wastes) used on the input side. The use of a wide diversity of biomass waste may result in the volume of material remains and the energy produced is not usable in the right form. To obtain a clear picture of the combustion conditions, a fixed bedding pilot pyrolysis device was made. With the measurements in the experimental apparatus, we have a clearer picture of the changes in some of combustion parameters. We have examined exactly how the size and hardness of biomass materials affect the efficiency of pyrolysis. By modelling the “mass change”—with the knowledge of the material content, physical characteristics, and the parameters of the pyrolysis equipment—the amount of the expected material remains, and combustion conditions can be predicted with a mathematical function. We have found an appropriate mathematical model (R2 = 0.8758) to describe the relationship between gas production and material structure for a given period.
Istvan Bacskai; Viktor Madar; Csaba Fogarassy; Laszlo Toth; Toth. Modeling of Some Operating Parameters Required for the Development of Fixed Bed Small Scale Pyrolysis Plant. Resources 2019, 8, 79 .
AMA StyleIstvan Bacskai, Viktor Madar, Csaba Fogarassy, Laszlo Toth, Toth. Modeling of Some Operating Parameters Required for the Development of Fixed Bed Small Scale Pyrolysis Plant. Resources. 2019; 8 (2):79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIstvan Bacskai; Viktor Madar; Csaba Fogarassy; Laszlo Toth; Toth. 2019. "Modeling of Some Operating Parameters Required for the Development of Fixed Bed Small Scale Pyrolysis Plant." Resources 8, no. 2: 79.
The current trend of business model research shows an increased endeavour of conceptualizing business frameworks for circular economy (CE). While previous sustainability paradigms have failed to attract market stakeholders, their reaction differ regarding this concept. The reason is discovering that the benefits of former industrial systems have turned to be threats for modern companies. Thus, a circular transition seems beneficial not only in environmental but also in financial dimensions. Closing material and energy flows results in reduced costs and enables businesses to propose novel values to customers. The present study aims to investigate the current stage of circular transformation on a corporate level. In order to do that, it thoroughly analyses the business model evolution of an innovative and knowledge-intensive industry, biotechnology. The research employs a circular evaluation method to detect which parts of the applied business structures show the signs of transition. The findings indicate that the business innovation process in the sector is in line with the disciplines of CE. However, this phenomenon is rather the result of striving for market competitiveness, than making efforts for sustainable development. It proves the emergence of CE to be as much an economic concern as it is an environmental one.
Balint Horvath; Nesrine Khazami; Prespa Ymeri; Csaba Fogarassy. INVESTIGATING THE CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY. Journal of Business Economics and Management 2019, 20, 63 -85.
AMA StyleBalint Horvath, Nesrine Khazami, Prespa Ymeri, Csaba Fogarassy. INVESTIGATING THE CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 2019; 20 (1):63-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalint Horvath; Nesrine Khazami; Prespa Ymeri; Csaba Fogarassy. 2019. "INVESTIGATING THE CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY." Journal of Business Economics and Management 20, no. 1: 63-85.