In this study, the effects of grape seed extract on insulin, adiponectin and resistin levels in diabetic rats were aimed to investigate. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats were used. Weight of about 300-350g 7-8 weeks 32 female Wistar Albino rats randomly divided into four groups of eight each: control group (C), group with diabetes (DM), grape seed extract group (GSE), diabetes mellitus and grape seed extract group (DM+GSE). The diabetic group 45 mg/kg single dose of streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally, and the grape seed extract groups (DM+GSE and GSE) grape seed extract was given orally every day with an intragastric tube for 20 days (0.6 ml/rat). Blood samples were taken from the hearts of rat‘s end of the experiment. The sera obtained were used for insulin, adiponectin and resistin analysis measured via ELISA with commercial kits. The insulin and adiponectin levels of the rats in the diabetes + grape seed extract group were found to be higher than those in the diabetes group. There was no significant change in the resistin level differences between the groups. As a result; It is possible to say that grape seed extract has an increasing effect on insulin level and adiponectin levels of diabetic rats are decreased due to diabetes and it has no significant effect on resistin levels. Detected by the positive effects of grape seed extracts, it may be useful to use for the regulating of the diabetes in human.

Background: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular pathogen transmitted by the ticks that cause equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA). This pathogen is infects predominantly blood cells, principally granulocytes and especially neutrophils. A. phagocytophilum causes an acute febrile disease in horses accompanying with lethargy, loss of appetite, lameness and hemorrhages. In horses, this disease should be considered in all acute symptoms accompanied by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia identified by hematological test performed. Tick-borne pathogens have become increasingly threatening for both animals and also public health since ticks mostly carry numerous well-documented and undocumented pathogens, and the geographical range of ticks has expanded in the recent years. This research has aimed to evaluate the impact of A. phagocytophilum infection on some oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, proinflammatory biomarkers and trace element levels in horses. Materials, Methods & Results: The present study has been carried out using blood samples collected from 93 horses aged 1-year and older. The blood samples were centrifuged and sera were separated. Serum samples stored in the freezer (-20°C) until the day of analysis. The DNA was extracted from blood and analysed by nested-PCR technique targeting 16S rRNA gene of A. phagocytophilum and then positive PCR products were sequenced. A. phagocytophilum was 6 horses (6.4%) showed positive nested-PCR results. An infected group comprised of 6 positive horses according to PCR analysis results also 6 healthy horses as control were selected. Serum SOD (Horse Superoxide Dismutase(Cu-Zn)) ELISA Kit, MPO (ELISA Assay Kit Horse Myeloperoxidase) and GPx (Horse glutathione peroxidase 1 ELISA Kit Assay), IL1 (Horse Interleukin 1 Beta ELISA Kit), IL6 (Horse Interleukin 6 ELISA Kit), TNF α (Horse Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ELISA Kit) and IL18 (Horse Interleukin 18 (IL18) ELISA Kit) levels were determined by ELISA reader. Serum TAS ,TOS Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) levels were determined using colorimetric kit method. The determination of peroxynitrite was performed using spectrophotometry as described by Vanuffelen. The levels of Fe, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Ar, Cr, Co, Cd Ni and Pb elements were analyzed by ICP-OES. Total oxidant status (TOS) and peroxynitrite levels of the positive group infected with A. phagocytophilum were found to be higher compared with the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). Whereas, total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD), G6PD and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were detected to be statistically significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). Cu, Mn, Se and Zn levels were also found to be lower in the infected group (P < 0.05, respectively). IL1, IL6, TNFα and IL18 from proinflammatory markers were elevated in the A. phagocytophilum infected group (P < 0.05, respectively). Discussion: The evaluation of the proinflammatory biomarkers with respect to host-parasite interactions has been suggested as a beneficial clinical tool for determination of the infection severity and diagnosis of the disease. As a conclusion, increased oxidative stress and high levels of some proinflammatory biomarkers assessed by the multibiomarker analysis carried out for the infection in the horses caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum will provide a contribution to diagnosis, treatment and clarification of the pathogenesis. Keywords: anaplasmosis, EGA, tick-borne pathogens, pro-inflammatory cytokine, antioksidant, oxidative/nitrosative stress, equine.

Objective: Worldwide, phytotherapy methods acquire great importance, and studies in this field are increasing their importance each day. This study, it was aimed to examine total antioxidant, oxidant status, oxidative DNA damage, glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels and the effects of barley grass juice on these parameters in rats with diabetes mellitus. Material and Method: Four groups were formed for the study and 6 male rats weighing 250-350 g were used in each group. Control Group; physiological saline was injected via intraperitoneal., Diabetic Group; created using streptozotocin, Barley Grass Group; Barley grass juice (3 ml/rat/day) was given orally for 4 weeks, Diabetic and Barley Grass Group; was injected streptozotocin and barley grass juice was given by oral for 4 weeks. Results: It was determined that barley grass juice decreased blood sugar, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total oxidative status and oxidative stress index values, increased total anti-oxidative status value, and body weights in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, it was determined that the addition of barley grass juice provided a significant protective effect and improvement in these parameters. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can say that barley grass juice has an antidiabetic-antioxidant effect and weight gain in diabetes mellitus

Objective: This study aimed to monitor oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level during the healing process in hair goats with metritis. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a total of 25 hair goats with metritis (n=10; Group 1) and healthy (n=15; Group 2). The beginning of the study was accepted as day 0. In both Group 1 and Group 2, blood samples were collected on days 0 (first measurement day), 14 (second measurement day) and 28 (third measurement day) of the study for TAS, TOS and TNF-α analyzes. In addition, oksidatif stress index (OSI) was calculated using TAS and TOS values. Results: It was found that TAS level decreased in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the first measurement day (p

Objective: Cystatin C is considered an important marker for the detection of renal dysfunction. It was aimed to determine cystatin C levels, status of oxidant-antioxidant and inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: The study groups consisted of 20 HD patients and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were obtained from the control group and from the HD group before hemodialysis. Serum cystatin C, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative state (TOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and some biochemical parameters were analyzed by autoanalyser. Results: Cystatin C, TOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and CRP levels of the HD group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: As a result; oxidative stress and inflammation were increased in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. New strategies and new studies are needed to reduce the increase in oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients.