Lidia Gefrerer, DDS/Wojciech Popowski, PhD, DDS/Jan Nikodem Perek, DDS/Andrzej Wojtowicz, PhD, DDS: The aim of this article is to present a rare case of a bilateral recurring pyogenic granuloma around dental implants supported by autogenic bone graft. A 55-year-old woman was treated with vertical bone augmentation and dental implants on both sides in the mandible. The patient was followed up for 2 years. Growing granuloma was observed 3 weeks after implants were loaded with splinted porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. The granulomatous tissue was removed and samples were evaluated histologically and microbiologically with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The pathologic lesion recurred four times on one side and three times on the other side and was removed after each recurrence. Finally, the patient decided to have the implants removed due to the aggressive, permanent, and relapsing nature of the proliferative lesions associated with exposed implant threads. After implant removal, no hyperplasia was seen. Microbiologic contamination was excluded as a cause of this recurring granuloma, and it was presumed that the lesion could have been associated with an insufficient zone of attached gingiva around the implants and exposure of implant threads. However, the etiology of this pyogenic granuloma remains unknown. Due to the high recurrence rate of reactive hyperplastic lesions, a long-term follow-up is necessary.

Background/Objectives: Odontomas are the most common mixed odontogenic tumors and may cause impaction of adjacent teeth and masticatory disorders. Treatment of tooth impaction caused by the presence of odontomas is related to their stages of root development and their positions in the alveolar bone. The aim of this case report is to present the combined surgical and orthodontic treatment in growing patients with odontomas and to discuss the treatment outcomes. Methods: Two growing patients, an 8-year-old boy and a 17-year-old girl, with large odontomas in the posterior maxillary region of the maxilla were presented. The tumors were found during a radiological examination, and the first molars on the affected sides were impacted due to the presence of odontomas. Results: The treatment plans included the surgical removal of the tumors. In the case of the younger patient, the impacted developing molar erupted spontaneously in the oral cavity one year and two months after surgery. An orthodontic traction of the impacted molar was successfully applied in the older patient. Conclusions: The presence of a large odontoma in the posterior segments may lead to a displacement and impaction of neighboring molars and malformation of their roots. Spontaneous eruption of the affected molar can be expected if the tumor is diagnosed and removed early before its root formation is completed; otherwise, an orthodontic extrusion is needed. Interdisciplinary cooperation is important to diagnose and plan the dental treatment in young patients with odontomas.

The advancement of tissue engineering and the development of novel biomaterials have opened new possibilities for the effective treatment of patients with edentulism and other dental deficiencies, as well as for the prosthetic reconstruction and functional rehabilitation of the stomatognathic system. Bone substitute materials are now widely used in orthopedics, reconstructive surgery, and dentistry to support the regeneration of bone tissue lost due to trauma, inflammation, or tooth extraction. However, surgical procedures within the oral cavity inherently carry a risk of postoperative infection, which can impair healing and compromise treatment outcomes. Unlike natural bone regeneration, bone healing following grafting functions as a repair process that may involve partial resorption of the graft material. Such bone deficiencies can hinder prosthetic reconstruction, making the use of bone substitute materials essential for guided bone regeneration. Bone substitutes can be classified as autogenous, allogenic, xenogenic, or alloplastic, each exhibiting distinct osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. This review discusses the biological and clinical characteristics of these material groups, with particular attention to their susceptibility to colonization by bacterial strains commonly found in the human oral cavity. It also highlights the risks associated with bacterial biofilm formation and examines its implications for the oral microbiome under dysbiotic conditions.

Cone beam computed tomography has created a specific revolution in maxillofacial imaging, facilitating the transition of diagnosis from 2D to 3D, and expanded the role of imaging from diagnosis to the possibility of actual planning. There are many varieties of cone beam computed...

Background: Oral mucosal melanoma (oral malignant melanoma—OMM) is a rare malignant neoplasm. It arises from the proliferation of atypical melanocytes—cells derived from the neural crest that produce melanin. Unlike cutaneous melanomas, which are etiologically linked to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, the risk factors for mucosal melanomas remain poorly defined. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these tumors predominantly affect older individuals, with peak incidence occurring in the seventh decade of life and are rarely observed in the first three decades. The primary treatment modality for patients with mucosal melanoma is radical surgical excision with clear margins. The 5-year overall survival rate for OMM ranges from 20% to 50%. Case Presentation: This article reports an atypical clinical manifestation of oral mucosal melanoma in a 99-year-old patient who presented to the Department of Oral Surgery at the University Dental Center, Medical University of Warsaw. The nonspecific clinical appearance did not initially suggest a melanocytic lesion. A definitive diagnosis was established through histopathological examination, which subsequently guided the treatment plan. Conclusions: This report highlights the necessity of performing microscopic evaluation even for lesions with a nonspecific or non-suspicious appearance, underlines the importance of regular dental check-ups, and stresses the need to strengthen oncological vigilance among dental practitioners.

Background: Oral mucosal melanoma (oral malignant melanoma – OMM) is a rare malignant neoplasm. It arises from the proliferation of atypical melanocytes—cells derived from the neural crest that produce melanin. Unlike cutaneous melanomas, which are etiologically linked to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, the risk factors for mucosal melanomas remain poorly defined. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these tumors predominantly affect older individuals, with peak incidence occurring in the seventh decade of life and are rarely observed in the first three decades. The primary treatment modality for patients with mucosal melanoma is radical surgical excision with clear margins. The 5-year overall survival rate for OMM ranges from 20% to 50%. Case presentation: This article presents a case of an atypical clinical manifestation of oral mucosal melanoma in a 99-year-old patient who came for a visit to the Department of Oral Surgery at the University Dental Center of the Medical University of Warsaw. The nonspecific clinical appearance did not initially suggest a melanocytic lesion. A definitive diagnosis was established through histopathological examination, which guided the subsequent treatment plan. Conclusion: The report emphasizes the necessity of performing microscopic evaluation even for lesions that do not appear suspicious, the importance of regular dental check-ups, and the need to enhance oncological vigilance among dental practitioners.