Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (NMT) on sprint and the ability to change direction for children who are between the ages of 7 and 8 and beginning to play tennis.Methods: Thirty-two participants were randomized into a training group (TG; n = 16) and a control group (CG; n = 16). All participants attended tennis classes twice a week for a continuous 8 weeks. In addition, the TG received NMT (e.g., 20-m sprints, running at four corners, rope ladder drills, etc.), which progressed in difficulty every 2 weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements, including a 30-m sprint test, a 5–10–5 test, and a 3 × 10 m shuttle run test, were assessed by a Smartspeed laser timing gate system, while the spider agility test was evaluated with a stopwatch.Results: Two-way repeated measures ANOVA found significant differences in the interaction between time and group among variables measured. Results were as follows: time in the 30 m sprint (F = 13.467, 95% CI = 7.163–7.506, p = 0.001, η²_p = 0.310, Δ = 0.42 s); 5–10–5 test (F = 13.975, 95% CI = 8.696–9.017, p = 0.001, η²_p = 0.318, Δ = 0.78 s); 3 × 10 m shuttle run (F = 7.605, 95% CI = 11.213–11.642, p = 0.01, η²_p = 0.202, Δ = 0.77 s); and spider agility test (F = 34.555, 95% CI = 28.258–29.670, p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.535, Δ = 3.96 s). The results demonstrated a greater decrease in sprint and change of direction (COD) time among the TG than the CG from pre-intervention to post-intervention.Conclusion: A regular tennis training combined with NMT program could produce greater improvement in a player’s sprint and ability to change direction when introduced to childhood tennis beginners in a sensitive period, compared to tennis class intervention only.

This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training combined with aerobic training (TG) and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training (CG) on the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the TG group (n = 20) or the CG group (n = 20). Each group underwent training five times per week, lasting 120 min each time, over a total period of 12 weeks. All participants followed a strict dietary program. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA observed a significant interaction between time and group for body mass (p = 0.043), body fat percentage (p = 0.045), body mass index (p = 0.025), neck circumference (p = 0.01), chest circumference (p = 0.027), left-hand grip strength (p = 0.043), right-hand grip strength (p = 0.048), standing broad jump (p = 0.044), and total Functional Movement Screen score (p = 0.003), and the improvement was greater for TG in comparison to CG. TG was found to be more effective than CG in enhancing body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents.

Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, is linked to physical disability, metabolic dysfunction, and an increased risk of mortality. Exercise therapy is currently acknowledged as a viable approach for addressing sarcopenia. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind exercise training or physical activity remain poorly understood. The disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Exercise training effectively delays the onset of sarcopenia by significantly maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, including promoting mitophagy, improving mitochondrial biogenesis, balancing mitochondrial dynamics, and maintaining mitochondrial redox. Exerkines (e.g., adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines), signaling molecules released in response to exercise training, may potentially contribute to skeletal muscle metabolism through ameliorating mitochondrial homeostasis, reducing inflammation, and regulating protein synthesis as a defense against sarcopenia. Methods: In this review, we provide a detailed summary of exercise-induced exerkines and confer their benefit, with particular focus on their impact on mitochondrial homeostasis in the context of sarcopenia. Results: Exercise induces substantial adaptations in skeletal muscle, including increased muscle mass, improved muscle regeneration and hypertrophy, elevated hormone release, and enhanced mitochondrial function. An expanding body of research highlights that exerkines have the potential to regulate processes such as mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, and redox balance. These mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby supporting skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial health. Conclusions: Through a comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms within mitochondria, the context reveals new insights into the potential of exerkines as key exercise-protective sensors for combating sarcopenia.

Purpose: This study compared traditional rehabilitation as a treatment modality after plaster cast treatment of Colles’ fracture with a combination of individualized blood flow restriction (BFR) and traditional rehabilitation. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomized into a BFR group and a non-BFR group after plaster cast treatment of Colles’ fracture. The BFR group completed traditional rehabilitation with a medical grade tourniquet applied to the upper arm, and the non-BFR group underwent traditional rehabilitation only. Patients were followed up with radiographic outcomes (palmar tilt and radial inclination) to ensure the stability of the fracture. Clinical assessment of patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score, grip strength, pinch strength, wrist range of motion (ROM), and muscle stiffness was conducted at cast removal and 6 wk after cast removal. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA determined significant interactions between time and group in the aforementioned variables. An independent-sample t-test assessed the differences in baseline variables and radiographic outcomes. Results: Significant interactions between time and group were noted for PRWE score (F = 11.796, P = 0.002, η ² _p = 0.339), grip strength (F = 5.445, P = 0.029, η ² _p = 0.191), and wrist ROM (ulnar deviation; F = 7.856, P = 0.010, η ² _p = 0.255). No significant interactions between time and group were found in measurements of pinch strength or wrist ROM (flexion, extension, radial deviation, pronation, supination). An independent-sample t-test showed no significant difference in baseline variables and radiographic outcomes between the groups before or after intervention. Conclusions: This study found that combining individualized BFR with traditional rehabilitation resulted in greater increases in PRWE score, grip strength, and wrist ROM (ulnar deviation) than traditional rehabilitation alone. Therefore, adding individualized BFR to traditional rehabilitation might be a better option for treatment for similar patients.

Objectives: To explore the acute intervention effects of tissue flossing on chronic knee pain (CKP) in boxers.Methods: Eighteen boxers with CKP (12 male/6 female) were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) with tissue flossing (n = 9) and a control group (CG) (n = 9). The visual analog scale (VAS), Lysholm knee function score, flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal isometric extensor muscle strength, and stability of the knee were measured pre- and post-intervention (EG: 3-minute tissue flossing, CG: rest).Results: VAS (F = 15.849, p = 0.001, η²_p = 0.498) and Lysholm knee function (F = 9.327, p = 0.008, η²_p = 0.357) significantly improved more in the EG than in the CG. There was a significant difference for maximal isometric extensor muscle strength (F = 17.769, p = 0.001, η²_p = 0.542) and knee stability (F = 13.844, p = 0.002, η²_p = 0.464) but no significant difference for ROM (F = 1.218, p = 0.287, η²_p = 0.075) between the EG and CG.Conclusion: Tissue flossing can reduce knee pain, improve knee function, increase knee extensor strength, and improve knee stability in boxers with CKP.

While training load is a recognized modifiable risk factor for injury in team sports, its impact in individual combat sports like taekwondo remains underex