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Laurent Lassabatere
Université de Lyon, UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France

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Journal article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Minerals
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Mining produces significant amounts of solid mineral waste. Mine waste storage facilities are often challenging to manage and may cause environmental problems. Mining waste is often linked to contaminated mine drainage, including acidic waters with more or less elevated concentrations of trace metals such as lead. This work presents a study on the mobilization of lead from waste from two typical mining sites: Zeida and Mibladen, two now-closed former Pb–Zn mines in the Moulouya region of Morocco. Our research investigates the mobilization potential of Pb from the waste of these mines. The study involved acid–base neutralization capacity tests (ANC–BNC) combined with geochemical modeling. Experimental data allowed for the quantification of the buffering capacity of the samples and the mobilization rates of lead as a function of pH. The geochemical model was fitted to experimental results with thermodynamic considerations. The geochemical model allowed for the identification of the mineral phases involved in providing the buffering capacity of carbonated mining waste (Mibladen) and the meager buffering capacity of the silicate mining waste (Zeida). These cases are representative of contaminated neutral drainage (CND) and acid mine drainage (AMD), respectively. The results highlight the consistency between the ANC–BNC experimental data and the associated modeling in terms of geochemical behavior, validating the approach and identifying the main mechanisms involved. The modeling approach identifies the dissolution of the main solid phases, which impact the pH and the speciation of lead as a function of the pH. This innovative approach, combining ANC–BNC experiments and geochemical modeling, allowed for the accurate identification of mineral phases and surface complexation phenomena, which control the release of lead and its speciation in drainage solutions, as well as within solid phases, as a function of pH.

ACS Style

Clémentine Drapeau; Rabei Argane; Cécile Delolme; Denise Blanc; Mostafa Benzaazoua; Rachid Hakkou; Thomas Baumgartl; Mansour Edraki; Laurent Lassabatere. Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling. Minerals 2021, 11, 606 .

AMA Style

Clémentine Drapeau, Rabei Argane, Cécile Delolme, Denise Blanc, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Rachid Hakkou, Thomas Baumgartl, Mansour Edraki, Laurent Lassabatere. Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling. Minerals. 2021; 11 (6):606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clémentine Drapeau; Rabei Argane; Cécile Delolme; Denise Blanc; Mostafa Benzaazoua; Rachid Hakkou; Thomas Baumgartl; Mansour Edraki; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling." Minerals 11, no. 6: 606.

Preprint content
Published: 24 March 2021
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Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This integral parameter is often considered for modeling the computation of water infiltration into vertical soil profiles (1D or 3D axisymmetric geometry). Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the knowledge of the soil hydraulic functions (water retention of hydraulic conductivity), using the integral formulation of Parlange (Parlange, 1975). However, it requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between the initial and the final saturation degrees, which may be tricky for some instances (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a specific scaling procedure for the computation of sorptivity considering slightly positive water pressure heads at the soil surface and initial dry conditions (corresponding to most water infiltration on the field). The square sorptivity is related to the square dimensionless sorptivity (referred to as cp parameter) corresponding to a unit soil (i.e., unit values of all the scaled parameters and zero residual water content) utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five current models: delta functions (Green and Ampt model), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten-Mualem, van Genuchten-Burdine, and Kosugi models as a function of the shape parameters. The values are tabulated and can be easily used to determine any dimensional sorptivity value for any case. We propose brand-new analytical expressions for some of the models and validate previous formulations for the other models. Our numerical results also showed that the relation between the cp parameters and shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model, with either increasing or decreasing trends when moving from coarse to fine soils. These results highlight the need for carefully selecting the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions for the rigorous estimation of sorptivity. Present results show the need to understand better the hydraulic model's mathematical properties, including the links between their parameters, and, secondly, to better relate these properties to the physical processes of water infiltration into soils.

ACS Style

Laurent Lassabatere; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Deniz Yilmaz; Joseph Pollacco; Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Borja Latorre; David Moret-Fernández; Simone Di Prima; Mehdi Rahmati; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi Abou Najm; Claude Hammecker; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity. 2021, 2021, 1 -33.

AMA Style

Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Deniz Yilmaz, Joseph Pollacco, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Simone Di Prima, Mehdi Rahmati, Ryan D. Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Claude Hammecker, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity. . 2021; 2021 ():1-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Lassabatere; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Deniz Yilmaz; Joseph Pollacco; Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Borja Latorre; David Moret-Fernández; Simone Di Prima; Mehdi Rahmati; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi Abou Najm; Claude Hammecker; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. 2021. "Scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity." 2021, no. : 1-33.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Infiltration basins are among the most spread techniques for managing stormwater. Infiltration basins allow the infiltration of stormwater, which prevents their piping towards treatment systems. However, stormwater contains loads of pollutants and suspended solids that accumulate at the surface of the basin and form a sedimentary layer. That sedimentary lay may clog the infiltration basin partially, thus reducing its bulk infiltration capability. Fortunately, plants and fauna colonize spontaneously this sedimentary layer, thus preventing complete clogging and restoring soils' infiltration functions. The knowledge of the effect on restoring the infiltration function requires properly characterize fauna, notably earthworms, with the aim to predict their impact on infiltration. Besides, earthworms, considered as ecosystem engineers, are known to be good candidates for integrating soil chemical pollution.

If earthworms have been intensively studied in natural and agricultural soil, very few studies have focused on the characterization of earthworms' communities in urban soils and, in particular, in infiltration basins. This study presents the description of earthworms sampled at several places over one infiltration basins. This basin receives the stormwater collected over an industrial peri-urban catchment. The infiltration basin has been functioning for more than two decades, thus, plants and fauna have colonized the surface related to water ponding at surface and water infiltration. The sampled places were selected to follow three specific water pathways at the surface. High population variability was measured with densities ranging from 0 to 300 earthworms per square meter with the presence of adults but also juveniles. But, only endogenic and epigeic functional groups were found. The characterization of abundance, age, and species over the sampled places was correlated to water content and sediment thickness, in addition to pollutant loads.

The results show that earthworms require given edaphic conditions (including thick enough sedimentary layer) to settle. We then expect most earthworms to colonize those specific places, increasing water infiltration punctually at these places. Put all together, our findings participate in the understanding of colonization of basin infiltration by organisms and their contribution to their primary function: infiltrating water.

ACS Style

Jean-Phillipe Bedell; Gersende Fernandes; Olivier Roques; Laurent Lassabatere. Characterization of earthworms in an infiltration basin for maintaining water infiltration. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jean-Phillipe Bedell, Gersende Fernandes, Olivier Roques, Laurent Lassabatere. Characterization of earthworms in an infiltration basin for maintaining water infiltration. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Phillipe Bedell; Gersende Fernandes; Olivier Roques; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "Characterization of earthworms in an infiltration basin for maintaining water infiltration." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Preferential flow is more the rule than the exception. Water infiltration is often led by preferential flow due to macropores, specific soil structures (e.g., aggregates, macropore networks), or lithological heterogeneity (occurrence of materials with contrasting hydraulic properties). Water infiltration in soils prone to preferential flow strongly depends on soil features below the soil surface, but also the initiation of water infiltration at the surface. When the macropore networks are not dense, with only a few macropores intercepting the soil surface, water infiltration experiments with ring size in the order of 10-15 cm diameter may overlook sampling macropore networks during some infiltration runs, minimizing the effect of macropore flow on the bulk water infiltration at the plot scale.

In this study, we investigated the effect of ring size on water infiltration into soils prone to preferential flow. We used two ring sizes: small (15 cm in diameter) and large (50 cm in diameter). By doing so, we hypothesized that the large rings, sampling a more representative soil volume, will maximize the probability to intercept and activate a macropore network. In contrast, the small rings may activate the macropore network only occasionally, with other infiltration runs mainly sampling the soil matrix. Thus, the small rings are expected to provide more variable results. On the other hand, the large rings are expected to provide more homogeneous results in line with the soil's bulk infiltration capability, including all pore networks at the plot scale.

Three different sites were sampled with varying types of preferential flow (macropore-induced versus lithological heterogeneity induced). The experimental plan included inserting large rings at several places in the experimental sites with a dozen small rings nearby to sample the same soil. All the rings were submitted to a similar positive constant water pressure head at the soil surface. The cumulative infiltrations were then monitored and treated with BEST algorithms to get the efficient hydraulic parameters. Note that the cumulative infiltration could not be compared directly since lateral water fluxes varied in extent and geometry between the different ring sizes. The impacts of the ring size on the magnitude of cumulative infiltration and related estimated hydraulic parameters were discussed. Our results demonstrated the impact of ring size but also the dependency of such effect on the site and the type of flow.

Our results contribute to understanding preferential flow in heterogeneous soils and the complexity of its measure using regular water infiltration devices and protocols.

ACS Style

Laurent Lassabatere; Simone Di Prima; Paola Concialdi; Majdi Abou Najm; Ryan D. Stewart; Vincenzo Bagarello; Massimo Iovino; Mirko Castellini; Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Joseph Pollacco; Deniz Yilmaz; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Coupling large and small ring infiltration experiments for investigating preferential flow. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Laurent Lassabatere, Simone Di Prima, Paola Concialdi, Majdi Abou Najm, Ryan D. Stewart, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino, Mirko Castellini, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Joseph Pollacco, Deniz Yilmaz, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Coupling large and small ring infiltration experiments for investigating preferential flow. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Lassabatere; Simone Di Prima; Paola Concialdi; Majdi Abou Najm; Ryan D. Stewart; Vincenzo Bagarello; Massimo Iovino; Mirko Castellini; Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Joseph Pollacco; Deniz Yilmaz; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. 2021. "Coupling large and small ring infiltration experiments for investigating preferential flow." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Adopting integrated measurement techniques may enhance our understanding of hydropedological processes within the critical zone. To investigate lateral subsurface flow due to lithological discontinuities, a ponding infiltration test, two GPR surveys, and soil penetration resistance (PR) measurements were conducted on a 1 m2 plot in a vegetated area located in the university campus of Doua (Lyon, France). A GPR grid with 0.2 m intervals was established. In the center of the grid, around the root system of a hawthorn shrub, an infiltration test was conducted using an automated single-ring infiltrometer proposed by Concialdi et al. (2020), to infiltrate a shear-thinning viscous solution (1 g L−1 Xanthan gum powder). The viscous solution was expected to fill preferential pathways due to the roots, with limited infiltration into the soil matrix, and thus reveal complex geometries or macropore networks in highly heterogeneous soils. To create three-dimensional (3D) representations of the infiltrated solution, two GPR surveys were carried out just before and 20 min after the infiltration test, using a GSSI (Geophysical Survey System Inc., Salem, NH) SIR 3000 system with a 900 MHz antenna. A total of 24 radargrams were collected in time mode by moving the antenna along the survey lines and recording the markers position along the survey line intersections. After the second GPR survey, PR was measured at each of the 36 intersection points of the grid using an electronic hand-pushed cone penetrometer. The cone had a 30° angle and a base area of 1 cm2, inserted into the soil at a constant speed of 2 cm s−1 to a depth of 0.8 m. These measurements were aimed to highlight contrasting penetration resistance characteristics between different soil horizons. We also determined the soil bulk density from 24 undisturbed soil cores (~ 100 cm3) collected at different depths from 0 to 50 cm. Finally, an auger was used to extract a 0.69-m-depth soil core for the direct observation of lithological heterogeneities.

Differenced radargrams from pre- and post-infiltration surveys allowed to detect the 3D infiltration bulb, which was vertically elongated and irregularly shaped, but with an evident horizontal divergence between the depth of 20 and 30 cm. Below 30 cm depth, a significant increasing of soil PR and BD (respectively higher than 2.5 MPa and 1.50 g cm-3, between 30 and 50 cm depth) was detected, indicating the presence of a underlying layer, which was also identifiable by visual observation of the soil core. This dense layer impeded water flow. Consequently, the liquid solution partially diverged laterally and accumulated upside this layer, and partially infiltrated into the dense layer along preferential flow paths in correspondence with the plant root system, as detected by the 3D GPR diagram. Summing up and considering every aspect, this study allowed to identify water perching above a shallow restrictive layer for a better understanding of the water dynamics of the investigated soil. This study shows the benefits to couple different types of soil physics approaches to relate hydrological processes to the soil hydraulic and mechanical properties.

ACS Style

Giorgio Capello; Marcella Biddoccu; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. Combining new techniques to investigate water dynamics above a shallow restrictive layer. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Giorgio Capello, Marcella Biddoccu, Simone Di Prima, Laurent Lassabatere. Combining new techniques to investigate water dynamics above a shallow restrictive layer. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giorgio Capello; Marcella Biddoccu; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "Combining new techniques to investigate water dynamics above a shallow restrictive layer." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Mass transport is significantly impacted by the nature of flow and, in particular, the occurrence of preferential flows. Most of the time, studies focus on observing preferential flow and its impact on mass transport either at the lab or the field scales. In the lab, real matrices are considered and embedded into columns, and mass transport is assessed for specific solutes and under controlled conditions (constant flow rate, saturation degree, etc…). However, very few studies use synthetic matrices and need to face matrix complexity in terms of both physics and chemistry. Such a complexity provides noise, uncertainty, and difficulty for the clear identification of mechanisms. This study made use of synthetized goethite nanoparticles as the reactant (sorption sites) combined to standardized sand to make a synthetic well-controlled porous medium. The goethite texture was changed during its fabrication to form two types of goethite-sand mixture: goethite-coated sand and goethite-aggregated sand. In the first case, goethite particles deposit at the surface of sand grains (forming a kind of coating), whereas goethite forms aggregates in the second case. The two types of columns were submitted to the injection of a tracer and two solutes: nalidixic acid (NA) and silicate. Our results show that flow remains mostly homogeneous, with the tracer following a straightforward ADE advection Dispersion Equation) process and no water fractionation into mobile and immobile water fractions. The minimal content of goethite (in the order of a few percent) does not change flow pathways. In contrast, the reactive transfer of NA and silicate is significantly impacted with less sorption, and much more solute spread in goethite-aggregated columns. NA and silicate cannot reach sites inside aggregates, reducing and slowing down their adsorption. In other words, changing the deposition mode of goethite nanoparticles on sand did not impact most of the flow and non-reactive transfer. It however greatly impacted reactive transfer. In addition, our results show that even if tracer experiments are performed for columns and attest of homogeneous flow, great care must be taken for reactive solutes. Tracers may not be the right tool to provide a clear picture of local hydraulic conditions at the vicinity of sorption sites, which are of utter importance for understanding reactive solute transfer.

ACS Style

Lian Zhou; Laurent Lassabatere; Jean-François Boily; Khalil Hanna. Conditioning preferential flow by using synthetic goethite aggregates. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Lian Zhou, Laurent Lassabatere, Jean-François Boily, Khalil Hanna. Conditioning preferential flow by using synthetic goethite aggregates. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Zhou; Laurent Lassabatere; Jean-François Boily; Khalil Hanna. 2021. "Conditioning preferential flow by using synthetic goethite aggregates." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Preferential flow is quite usual in natural environments. Non-uniform and preferential flows co-exist or alternate, impacting water transport and contaminant transfer through the vadose zone. In this study, we investigated how macropore-induced flow affects manufactured nanoparticles, as emerging contaminants reactive transfer. Previous studies showed that the presence of a macropore into water-saturated soil columns can foster preferential water flow within the macropore. One could expect that this preferential flow may increase contaminant transfer and reduce retention by the matrix in the case of contaminant, as previously reported. In this study, we injected pulses of silver nanoparticles to assess their transfer through sand columns with and without a macropore. Both systems (with and without macropore) were studied under similar conditions. An unexpected result was obtained: more nanoparticles were retained in the system with a macropore, i.e., with a preferential flow. This result is quite counter-intuitive. It appears that the relation between flow homogeneity and contaminant retention is not straightforward. Some possible explanations, related to chemical and physical kinetics, are put forward to explain the experimental results.

ACS Style

Jérôme Raimbault; Laurent Lassabatere; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Denis Courtier-Murias; Béatrice Béchet. May macropores increase contaminant retention? . 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jérôme Raimbault, Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Denis Courtier-Murias, Béatrice Béchet. May macropores increase contaminant retention? . . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jérôme Raimbault; Laurent Lassabatere; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Denis Courtier-Murias; Béatrice Béchet. 2021. "May macropores increase contaminant retention? ." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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The soil hydraulic properties controlling infiltration are dynamic depending on interrelated factors such as soil texture and structure, climate (rainfall intensity), land use, vegetation cover and plant root systems. These physical and biological factors directly influence the size and geometry of the conductive pores, and therefore the bulk density, soil structure and finally water infiltration at surface. In the Sahelian zone, the slightest modification of the physical properties of the soil has severe consequences on the soil properties and thus on hydrological processes. It is therefore essential to improve knowledge on the spatial distribution of the hydraulic behavior of soils for optimization of agricultural uses.

We used the BEST method (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) on a toposequence of the Senegalese groundnut basin (Fatick region) in the Faidherbia-Flux observatory[1] where the average rainfall is 590 mm/yr. The studied toposequence (400 m long) is representative of a common agroforestry zone with annual cultivation of millet and peanuts and a sparse density of Faidherbia albida. The slope is low (1%) with small lowland areas made up of sandy soil with more clay (clay soil), while the glacis is represented by more or less compacted sand. The infiltrometry measurements were made with the automatic single-ring infiltrometer developed by Di Prima et al. (2016), used here for the first time in West Africa. The explicative variables tested are the type of soils, including: clay soils under tree (CLUT) and outside tree (CLOT), sandy soils under tree (SSUT) and outside trees (SSOT), and cattle trampled soils outside trees (TSOT) particularly compacted and largely present in the study area. BEST algorithms were applied to the experimental data to determine the hydraulic properties of the soils of the different variables and to draw water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves.

There are significant differences in infiltration rates between the sampled zones and in relation with the studied factors. The highest infiltration rate is found on sandy soils under tree (SSUT) with an average infiltration rate of 14.0 mm/min, followed by SSOT with 11.6 mm/min. Then the clay soils CLUT and CLOT are characterized by similar lower hydraulic responses with average infiltration rates of 6.9 mm/min and 6.2 mm/min, respectively. The average infiltration rate is the lowest on the compacted sandy soils TSOT, with only 5.4 mm/min. The study of the variability of the infiltration rates measured by class of variable shows a large variability for CLOT, CLUT and SSUT (decreasing order of variability). These results are in agreement with the measured values of dry soil bulk density. The high infiltration rates in the clay soils outside and under trees can be explained by the higher content of organic matter observed on the sampling, and probably by the existence of preferential flow activated by the macropores particularly present on clay soils (CLOT and CLUT) and on sandy soils under tree (SSUT).

Di Prima, S., et al., 2016. Testing a new automated single ring infiltrometer for Beerkan infiltration experiments. Geoderma, 262, 20–34. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.006

[1] Faidherbia-Flux : https://lped.info/wikiObsSN/?Faidherbia-Flux

 

ACS Style

Waly Faye; Didier Orange; Djim Mouhamadou Lamine Diongue; Frederic Do; Christophe Jourdan; Olivier Roupsard; Awa Niang Fall; Alioune Kane; Sérigne Faye; Simone Di Prima; Rafaele Angulo-Jaramillo; Laurent Lassabatère. Potential impact of Faidherbia albida tree on soil infiltration in a semi-arid agroforestry system of the Senegalese groundnut basin: role of preferential flows? . 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Waly Faye, Didier Orange, Djim Mouhamadou Lamine Diongue, Frederic Do, Christophe Jourdan, Olivier Roupsard, Awa Niang Fall, Alioune Kane, Sérigne Faye, Simone Di Prima, Rafaele Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère. Potential impact of Faidherbia albida tree on soil infiltration in a semi-arid agroforestry system of the Senegalese groundnut basin: role of preferential flows? . . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waly Faye; Didier Orange; Djim Mouhamadou Lamine Diongue; Frederic Do; Christophe Jourdan; Olivier Roupsard; Awa Niang Fall; Alioune Kane; Sérigne Faye; Simone Di Prima; Rafaele Angulo-Jaramillo; Laurent Lassabatère. 2021. "Potential impact of Faidherbia albida tree on soil infiltration in a semi-arid agroforestry system of the Senegalese groundnut basin: role of preferential flows? ." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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The 3-D Haverkamp et al. (1994) model for disc infiltrometer measures on homogeneous media involves the following parameters: the soil sorptivity, S, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, the β parameter and the A= (γ S2)/(rd*Δθ) term, where rd is the disc radius, Δθ is the soil water increase and γ is proportionality constant. Fixed β and A values are commonly used in most cases. S, and Ks can be estimated from the inverse analysis of a cumulative infiltration curve by fitting it the Haverkamp model. For practical reasons, Haverkamp implicit model is replaced by its 4-term (4T) approximate expansion for the transient state. The first part of this work analyzes the influence of layered soils on Ks and S estimates, and designs a new procedure, sequential Analysis of Infiltration curve (SAI), for treating infiltration curves impacted by soil layering. The SAI method analyzes a sequence of increasing dataset for a given infiltration curve and fits to the 4T expansions to estimate Ks, S. Then estimates and RMSE are reported as a function of the number of data points used for the fit. The method was applied on synthetic profiles with homogeneous loam soil, six layered profiles involving a 1, 2 and 3 cm thickness loam layer over silty or sandy loam soils, respectively. Erroneous estimates of Ks and S were obtained when the total infiltration curves were considered for the analysis, regardless of the presence of soil layering. In opposite, estimates were improved using the SAI method for the layered systems. The SAI method relies on the fact that the RMSE increases when the wetting front reaches the interface between the upper layer and the lower layer. Such increase allows (i) the detection of the soil heterogeneity, (ii) the determination of the optimum infiltration time, to, that corresponds to the minimum value of RMSE, and, (iii) accurate estimation the upper layer Ks and S.

Taking use of the SIA procedure, the second part of this communication studied the relationship between β and A, and proposed a new procedure to improve the estimate of Ks and S and approach β. The analysis was applied on synthetic infiltration curves simulated on homogneneous and layered columns. The results showed that different combinations of β and A resulted in similar Ks. Overall, optimization of Ks, S and A for different β values showed that β had an important effect on A and Ks, but not on S and RMSE.  We propose approaching the optimum β as the β for which is closer to zero, where A and Aexp are the optimized and measurable parameter, respectively. While the optimum β is calculated, Ks and S are computed by applying the optimum β to the respective quadratic β(Ks) and β(S) relationships. This methodology allowed improving the estimate of Ks giving good approaches of β (36% error) and omitting the erroneous praxis of using constant β and A values.

Haverkamp, R., et al. 1994. 3. Water Resources Research 30, 2931–2935.

ACS Style

David Moret-Fernández; Borja Latorre; Laurent Lassabatere; Simone Di Prima; Mirko Castellni; Deniz Yilmaz; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Analysis of 3D infiltration curves measured with disc infiltrometer in heterogeneous soil profiles: Sequential analysis of infiltration data and estimate of β. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

David Moret-Fernández, Borja Latorre, Laurent Lassabatere, Simone Di Prima, Mirko Castellni, Deniz Yilmaz, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Analysis of 3D infiltration curves measured with disc infiltrometer in heterogeneous soil profiles: Sequential analysis of infiltration data and estimate of β. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Moret-Fernández; Borja Latorre; Laurent Lassabatere; Simone Di Prima; Mirko Castellni; Deniz Yilmaz; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. 2021. "Analysis of 3D infiltration curves measured with disc infiltrometer in heterogeneous soil profiles: Sequential analysis of infiltration data and estimate of β." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Hydrological models use soil hydraulic parameters to describe the storage and transmission of water in soils. Hydraulic parameters define the water retention, θ(ψ), and the hydraulic conductivity, K(θ), functions. These functions are usually obtained by fitting experimental data to the corresponding θ(ψ) and K(θ) functions. The drawback of deriving the hydraulic parameters by inverse modelling is that they suffer from equifinality or non-uniqueness, and the optimal hydraulic parameters are non-physical (Pollacco et al., 2008). To reduce the non-uniqueness, it is necessary to invert the hydraulic parameters simultaneously from observations of both θ(ψ) and K(θ), and ensure the measurements cover the full range of θ from fully saturated to oven dry, which requires expensive, labour-intensive measurements.  

We present a novel procedure to derive a unique, physical set of bimodal or dual permeabilityKosugi hydraulic functions, θ(ψ) and K(θ), from inverse modelling. The Kosugi model was chosen given its parameters have direct physical meaning to the soil pore-size distribution. The challenge of using bimodal functions is they require double the number of parameters (Pollacco et al., 2017), exacerbating the problem of non-uniqueness. To address this shortcoming, we (1) derive residual soil water content from the matrix Kosugi standard deviation, (2) derive macropore hydraulic parameters from the soil water pressure boundary between macropore and matrix, and (3) dynamically constraint the matrix Kosugi hydraulic parameters. We successfully reduce the number of hydraulic parameters to optimize and constrain the hydraulic parameters without compromising the fit of the θ(ψ) and K(θ) functions.

The robustness of the methodology is demonstrated by deriving the hydraulic parameters exclusively from θ(ψ) and Ksdata, enabling satisfactory prediction of K(θ) without having measured K(θ) data. Moreover, having a reduced number of hydraulic parameters that are physical allows an improved characterization of hydraulic properties of soils prone to preferential flow, which is a fundamental issue regarding the understanding of hydrological processes.

 

References

Pollacco, J.A.P., Ugalde, J.M.S., Angulo-Jaramillo, R., Braud, I., Saugier, B., 2008. A linking test to reduce the number of hydraulic parameters necessary to simulate groundwater recharge in unsaturated soils. Adv Water Resour 31, 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.09.002

Pollacco, J.A.P., Webb, T., McNeill, S., Hu, W., Carrick, S., Hewitt, A., Lilburne, L., 2017. Saturated hydraulic conductivity model computed from bimodal water retention curves for a range of New Zealand soils. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 21, 2725–2737. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2725-2017

ACS Style

Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Joseph Pollacco; Stephen McNeill; Sam Carrick; Linda Lilburne; Laurent Lassabatere; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Reducing non-uniqueness of inverting bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Joseph Pollacco, Stephen McNeill, Sam Carrick, Linda Lilburne, Laurent Lassabatere, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. Reducing non-uniqueness of inverting bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Fernández-Gálvez; Joseph Pollacco; Stephen McNeill; Sam Carrick; Linda Lilburne; Laurent Lassabatere; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo. 2021. "Reducing non-uniqueness of inverting bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters." , no. : 1.

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Published: 04 March 2021
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Bioretention systems are increasingly used worldwide to mitigate the impacts of urban stormwater runoff on the water cycle. The proper management of bioretention systems requires accurate modeling of physical processes occurring within these systems. This study developed and tested a generic and physically-based model called Infiltron-mod. This model makes use of the Darcian approach (assuming Mualem-van Genuchten model for the description of the soil hydraulic properties) and mass conservation. The first version of the model considers evapotranspiration, overflow, exfiltration to surrounding soils, along with the filter hydraulic head and underdrain discharge. The proposed model was tested against field data from a monitored bioretention basin in Melbourne, Australia. We used two rainfall events to calibrate the model and 20 rainfall events for its validation. We achieved quite nice fits of experimental data with median NSE values in the order of 0.7-0.75 for the outflow rates. Despite good performance for outflow rates, we noticed the potential for improvement for the simulation of the height of water in the systems. Such discrepancy is probably the result of preferential flows.

As a second step, we developed a specific module to implement the dual permeability approach to model preferential flow. Such an approach may simulate the concomitancy of matrix flow in part of the system and rapid preferential infiltration into macropores. The new module Infiltron-mod-pref was implemented and investigated. Prior to its use for field data, we validated the new module against more straightforward water infiltration experiments. Several large ring infiltration tests were performed on a field dedicated to infiltrating stormwater, and the two versions of the proposed model, Infiltron-mod and Infiltron-mod-Pref. We clearly showed the benefit to account for the preferential flow in the model. The next step will be the use of Infiltron-mod_Pref for field data from the monitored bioretention basin in Melbourne.

The proposed approach then seems a useful first step to assess both performance and impact of bioretention basins for catchment-scale flow regime management and has real potential for application where user-friendly and simple model calibration and deployment are desired.

ACS Style

Asra Asry; Jérémie Bonneau; Gersende Fernandes; Gislain Lipeme Kouyi; Bernard Chocat; Tim D. Fletcher; Laurent Lassabatere. Modelling uniform and preferential flow in bioretention systems. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Asra Asry, Jérémie Bonneau, Gersende Fernandes, Gislain Lipeme Kouyi, Bernard Chocat, Tim D. Fletcher, Laurent Lassabatere. Modelling uniform and preferential flow in bioretention systems. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asra Asry; Jérémie Bonneau; Gersende Fernandes; Gislain Lipeme Kouyi; Bernard Chocat; Tim D. Fletcher; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "Modelling uniform and preferential flow in bioretention systems." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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For heterogeneous soils, accurate water modeling in unsaturated soil conditions is a very important prerequisite since activation of macropore during the flow process is directly linked to the bulk saturation of the soil matrix. Indeed, macropores activate and begin to infiltrate when they receive the runoff from saturated matrices. To this point, the accurate estimation of the matrix hydraulic properties is of uttermost importance. We then focus on the accuracy of estimates for hydraulic parameters, by fitting to the well-know Haverkamp 1D analytical infiltration equation, that is widely used for Beerkan type infiltration. This equation involves an infiltration constant called β that is fixed to a by-default value of 0.6. This value is considered for relatively dry condition and for all type of soils, including fine matrices (silt, clay, etc.) but also coarse soils which are prone to preferential flows. However, the values of β have already been questioned by several authors. In this study, we performed a numerical study to investigate the value of β. Several cumulative infiltrations were numerically generated and fitted to Haverkamp’s model to derive the parameter β. This was then plotted as a function of initial water content and the type of soil. We proved that β is not constant. Especially for lower permeable soils, previous studies point that β value must be over 1 which is in contradiction with the domain of definition of β and the usual ranges considered for this parameter. Therefore, using β equal to 0.6 leads to an overestimation of Ks, leading to an overestimation of the soil capability to infiltrate and the prediction of the water budget. Numerical investigations of β show that this parameter is also a function of the degree of saturation. As defined by Haverkamp (1994), it varies from 1 for dry soil conditions to zero for saturated conditions. The hypothesis of the constancy of β allows easy integration of Richards 1D equation, leading to the formulation proposed by Haverkamp et al. However, it conducts for low permeable of soils to overestimate Ks. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of the adequate function for describing β in function to the degree saturation and the soil type improves significantly the accuracy of Haverkamp’s model.

ACS Style

Deniz Yılmaz; Laurent Lassabatere; David Moret-Fernández; Borja Latorre. Investigation of β parameter used in Haverkamp 1D-analytical infiltration equation . 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Deniz Yılmaz, Laurent Lassabatere, David Moret-Fernández, Borja Latorre. Investigation of β parameter used in Haverkamp 1D-analytical infiltration equation . . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deniz Yılmaz; Laurent Lassabatere; David Moret-Fernández; Borja Latorre. 2021. "Investigation of β parameter used in Haverkamp 1D-analytical infiltration equation ." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with automated single-ring infiltration experiments can be used for non-invasive monitoring of the spatial distribution of infiltrated water and for generating 3D representations of the wetted zone. In this study we developed and tested a protocol to quantify and visualize water distribution fluxes under unsaturated and saturated conditions into layered soils. We carried out a gridded GPR survey on a 0.3-m thick sandy clay loam layer underlain by a restrictive limestone layer at the Ottava experimental station of the University of Sassari (Sardinia, IT). We firstly established a survey grid (1 m × 1 m), consisting of six horizontal and six vertical parallel survey lines with 0.2 m intervals between them. The field survey then consisted of six steps, including i) a first GPR survey, ii) a tension infiltration experiment conducted within the grid and aimed at activating only the soil matrix, iii) a second GPR survey aimed at highlighting the amplitude fluctuations between repeated GPR radargrams of the first and second surveys, due to the infiltrated water moving within the matrix flow region, iv) a single-ring infiltration experiment of the Beerkan type carried out within the grid on the same infiltration surface using a solution of brilliant blue dye (E133) and aimed to activate the whole pore network, v) a third GPR survey aimed to highlight the amplitude fluctuations between repeated GPR radargrams of the first and third surveys, due to the infiltrated water moving within the whole pore network (both matrix and fast-flow regions), and vi) the excavation of the soil to expose the wetted region. The shapes of the 3D diagrams of the wetted zones facilitated the interpretation of the infiltrometer data, allowing us to resolve water infiltration into the layered system. Finally, we used the infiltrometer data in conjunction with the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameter (BEST) method to determine the following capacitive indicators of soil physical quality of the upper soil layer: air capacity AC (m3 m–3), plant-available water capacity PAWC (m3 m–3), relative field capacity RFC (–), and soil macroporosity pMAC (m3 m–3). Results showed that the investigated soil was characterized by high soil aeration and macroporosity (i.e., AC and pMAC) along with low values for indicators associated with microporosity (i.e., PAWC and RFC). These findings suggest that the upper soil layer facilitates root proliferation and quickly drains excess water towards the underlying limestone layer, and, on the contrary, has limited ability to store and provide water to plant roots. In addition, the 3D diagram allowed the detection of non-uniform downward water movement through the restrictive limestone layer. The detected difference between the two layers in terms of hydraulic conductivity suggests that surface ponding and overland flow generation occurs via a saturation-excess mechanism. Indeed, percolating water may accumulate above the restrictive limestone layer and form a shallow perched water table that, in case of extreme rainfall events, could rise causing the complete saturation of the soil profile.

ACS Style

Simone Di Prima; Vittoria Giannini; Ludmila Ribeiro Roder; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Vittorio Longo; Thierry Winiarski; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Mario Pirastru; Laurent Lassabatere; Pier Paolo Roggero. Using GPR surveys and infiltration experiments for assessing soil physical quality of an agricultural soil. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Simone Di Prima, Vittoria Giannini, Ludmila Ribeiro Roder, Ryan D. Stewart, Majdi R. Abou Najm, Vittorio Longo, Thierry Winiarski, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Mario Pirastru, Laurent Lassabatere, Pier Paolo Roggero. Using GPR surveys and infiltration experiments for assessing soil physical quality of an agricultural soil. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simone Di Prima; Vittoria Giannini; Ludmila Ribeiro Roder; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Vittorio Longo; Thierry Winiarski; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Mario Pirastru; Laurent Lassabatere; Pier Paolo Roggero. 2021. "Using GPR surveys and infiltration experiments for assessing soil physical quality of an agricultural soil." , no. : 1.

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Published: 03 March 2021
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Water repellency occurs in soils under a wide spectrum of conditions. Soil water repellency can originate from the deposition of resinous materials and exudates from vegetation, vaporization and condensation of organic compounds during fires, or the presence of anthropogenic-derived chemicals like petroleum products, wastewater or other urban contaminants. Its effects on soils range from mild to severe, and it often leads to hydrophobic conditions that can significantly impact the infiltration response with effects extending to the watershed-scale. Those effects are often time-dependent, making it a challenge to simulate infiltration behaviors of water-repellent soils using standard infiltration models. Here, we introduce a single rate-constant parameter (αWR) and propose a simple correction term (1-e-αWRt) to modify models for infiltration rate. This term starts with a value of zero at the beginning of the infiltration experiment (t = 0) and asymptotically approaches 1 as time increases, thus simulating a decreasing effect of soil water repellency through time. The correction term can be added to any infiltration model (one- two- or three-dimensional) and will account for the water repellency effect. Results from 165 infiltration experiments from different ecosystems and wide range of water repellency effects validated the effectiveness of this simple method to characterize water repellency in infiltration models. Tested with the simple two-term infiltration equation developed by Philip, we obtained consistent and substantial error reductions, particularly for more repellent soils. Furthermore, results revealed that soils that were burned during a wildfire had smaller αWR values compared to unburned controls, thus indicating that the magnitude of αWR may have a physical basis.

ACS Style

Ryan Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. A quick fix for modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ryan Stewart, Majdi R. Abou Najm, Simone Di Prima, Laurent Lassabatere. A quick fix for modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ryan Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "A quick fix for modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Stewart and Abou Najm (2018) developed a comprehensive model (SA model) for single ring infiltration that consists of a couple of two-terms explicit infiltration equations similar, in form, to the approximate expansions proposed by Haverkamp et al. (1994) (HV model). Application of SA model requires the transition time, τcrit, from transient to steady state to be known a-priori or establishing a constraint among the four constants that figure in the infiltration equations. Estimation of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, and capillary length, λ, from single ring infiltration measurements also needs a scaling parameter referred to “a” to be known. SA model assumes this scaling parameter as a constant and fixes its value at a = 0.45. However, there is evidence that a cannot be considered a constant independent of soil type and initial water content.

This study investigates some open issues related to the use of the SA model for single ring infiltration: 1) how comparable is τcrit with the maximum time, tmax, that separates transient from steady state condition in HV model; 2) how the scaling parameter a depends on different experimental conditions and how it can be related to HV parameters.

Preliminary theoretical considerations showed that the two characteristic times (τcrit and tmax) are related and, for relatively dry initial conditions, parameter a depends only on the soil type and ring radius being maximum for small ring radii or soils with high capillarity (a = 1) and minimum for large rings or coarse soils (a = 0.467).

An optimization procedure, with a constraint among the four infiltration constants, was applied to fit the SA model to both analytical and experimental infiltration data to derive  τcrit and the associated value of a.

The analytical data confirmed that the ratio τcrit/tmax was constant and equal to 1.495, regardless the combination of soil, ring diameter and initial water saturation. The calculated a values varied between 0.706 and 0.904, with a mean equal to a = 0.807, and were independent of the initial water content for saturation degrees up to approximately 0.50.

Application of the optimization procedure to field data was problematic given it was successful only in 29 out of 70 infiltration tests. Fixing τcrita-priori could be advisable in this case and it was shown that two alternative empirical criteria for selecting τcrit yielded a values differing by a nearly negligible mean factor of 1.10 and significantly correlated to one another (R2 = 0.997).

However, a rather high percentage of a values (45.5%) were greater than the theoretical maximum value (a = 1), and therefore were physically implausible. Excluding these values from the analysis, the mean a parameter (a = 0.735) was close to that estimated by the successful applications of the optimization procedure (a = 0.673).

Therefore, consistent results were obtained by field and analytical data with a values intermediate between the suggested values in the literature (a = 0.45 and 0.91). These findings can inform parameterization choices for others working with infiltration models, and should reduce uncertainty during interpretation of infiltration measurements.

ACS Style

Massimo Iovino; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Vincenzo Bagarello; Mirko Castellini; Paola Concialdi; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere; Ryan D. Stewart. Explicit comprehensive models for single ring infiltration: suggestions for model application and parameterization. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Massimo Iovino, Majdi R. Abou Najm, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Vincenzo Bagarello, Mirko Castellini, Paola Concialdi, Simone Di Prima, Laurent Lassabatere, Ryan D. Stewart. Explicit comprehensive models for single ring infiltration: suggestions for model application and parameterization. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Iovino; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Vincenzo Bagarello; Mirko Castellini; Paola Concialdi; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere; Ryan D. Stewart. 2021. "Explicit comprehensive models for single ring infiltration: suggestions for model application and parameterization." , no. : 1.

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Published: 03 March 2021
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Research over the past several decades has shown that preferential flow is more the rule than the exception. However, our collective understanding of preferential flow processes has been limited by a lack of suitable methods to detect and visualize the initiation and evolution of non-uniform wetting at high spatial and temporal resolutions, particularly in real-world settings. In this study, we investigate water infiltration initiation by tree trunk and root systems. We carried out time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with a simulated stemflow event to provide evidence of root-induced preferential flow and generate a three-dimensional representation of the wetted zone.

We established a survey grid (3.5 m × 5 m, with a local slope of 10.3°), consisting of ten horizontal and thirteen vertical parallel survey lines with 0.5 m intervals between them. The horizontal lines were downslope-oriented. The grid was placed around a Quercus suber L. We collected a total of 46 (2 GPR surveys × 23 survey lines) radargrams using an IDS (Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A.) Ris Hi Mod v. 1.0 system with a 900-MHz antenna mounted on a GPR cart. Two grid GPR surveys were carried out before and after the artificial stemflow experiment. In the experiment, we applied 100 L of brilliant blue dye (E133) solution on the tree trunk. The stemflow volume of 100 L corresponded to 63.2 mm of incident precipitation, considering a crown projected area of 201 m2 and a 1.3% conversion rate of rainfall to stemflow. Trench profiles were carefully excavated with hand tools to remove soil and detect both root location and size and areas of infiltration and preferential pathways on the soil profile.

The majority (84.4%) of artificially applied stemflow infiltrated into the soil, while the remaining 15.6% generated overland flow, which was collected by a small v-shaped plastic channel placed into a groove previously scraped on the downhill side of the tree. The 3D diagram clearly demarcated the dimension and shape of the wetted zone, thus providing evidence of root-induced preferential flow along coarse roots. The wetted zone extended downslope up to a horizontal distance of 3 m from the trunk and down to a depth of approximately 0.7 m. Put all together, this study shows the importance of accounting for plant and trees trunk and root systems when quantifying infiltration.

ACS Style

Ludmila Roder; Simone Di Prima; Sergio Campus; Filippo Giadrossich; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Thierry Winiarski; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Antonio D. del Campo; Laurent Lassabatere; Pier Paolo Roggero. Detecting stemflow-induced preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ludmila Roder, Simone Di Prima, Sergio Campus, Filippo Giadrossich, Ryan D. Stewart, Majdi R. Abou Najm, Thierry Winiarski, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Antonio D. del Campo, Laurent Lassabatere, Pier Paolo Roggero. Detecting stemflow-induced preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ludmila Roder; Simone Di Prima; Sergio Campus; Filippo Giadrossich; Ryan D. Stewart; Majdi R. Abou Najm; Thierry Winiarski; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Antonio D. del Campo; Laurent Lassabatere; Pier Paolo Roggero. 2021. "Detecting stemflow-induced preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2021 in Minerals
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Pyrite and calcite are mineral phases that play a major role in acid and neutral mine drainage processes. However, the prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) or contaminated neutral drainage (CND) requires knowledge of the mineral composition of mining waste and the related potential for element release. This paper studies the combination of acid–base neutralizing capacity (ANC–BNC) with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and prediction of AMD and CND. The proposed approach is validated with three synthetic mineral assemblages: (1) siliceous sand with pyrite only, representing mining waste responsible for AMD, (2) siliceous sand with calcite and pyrite, representing calcareous waste responsible for CND, and (3) siliceous sand with calcite only, simulating calcareous matrices without any pyrite. The geochemical modeling approach using PHREEQC software was used to model pH evolution and main element release as a function of the added amount of acid or base over the entire pH range: 1 < pH < 13. For calcareous matrices (sand with calcite), the results are typical of a carbonated environment, the geochemistry of which is well known. For matrices containing pyrite, the results identify different pH values favoring the dissolution of pyrite: pH = 2 in a pyrite-only environment and pH = 6 where pyrite coexists with calcite. The neutral conditions can be explained by the buffering capacity of calcite, which allows iron oxyhydroxide precipitation. Major element release is then related to the dissolution and precipitation of the mineral assemblages. The geochemical modeling allows the prediction of element speciation in the solid and liquid phases. Our findings clearly prove the potential of combined ANC–BNC experiments along with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and the assessment of risk of AMD and CND.

ACS Style

Clémentine Drapeau; Cécile Delolme; Clément Vézin; Denise Blanc; Thomas Baumgartl; Mansour Edraki; Laurent Lassabatere. ANC–BNC Titrations and Geochemical Modeling for Characterizing Calcareous and Siliceous Mining Waste. Minerals 2021, 11, 257 .

AMA Style

Clémentine Drapeau, Cécile Delolme, Clément Vézin, Denise Blanc, Thomas Baumgartl, Mansour Edraki, Laurent Lassabatere. ANC–BNC Titrations and Geochemical Modeling for Characterizing Calcareous and Siliceous Mining Waste. Minerals. 2021; 11 (3):257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clémentine Drapeau; Cécile Delolme; Clément Vézin; Denise Blanc; Thomas Baumgartl; Mansour Edraki; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "ANC–BNC Titrations and Geochemical Modeling for Characterizing Calcareous and Siliceous Mining Waste." Minerals 11, no. 3: 257.

Research article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Water Resources Research
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Soil water repellency can substantially alter hydrologic processes, particularly the ability of soils to infiltrate water. Water repellency often changes through time, making it difficult to simulate infiltration behaviors of water‐repellent soils using standard models. Here, we propose a simple rate‐based correction term that starts with a value of zero at the beginning of the infiltration process (t = 0) and asymptotically approaches 1 as time increases, thus simulating decreasing soil water repellency through time. The correction term can be used with any infiltration model. For this study, we selected a simple two‐term infiltration equation and then, using two data sets of infiltration measurements conducted in soils with varying water repellency, compared model error with versus without the added term. The correction substantially reduced model error, particularly in more repellent soils. At the same time, the rate constant parameter introduced in the new model may be useful to better understand dynamics of soil water repellency and to provide more consistent interpretations of hydraulic properties in water‐repellent soils.

ACS Style

M. R. Abou Najm; Ryan D. Stewart; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. A Simple Correction Term to Model Infiltration in Water‐Repellent Soils. Water Resources Research 2021, 57, 1 .

AMA Style

M. R. Abou Najm, Ryan D. Stewart, Simone Di Prima, Laurent Lassabatere. A Simple Correction Term to Model Infiltration in Water‐Repellent Soils. Water Resources Research. 2021; 57 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. R. Abou Najm; Ryan D. Stewart; Simone Di Prima; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "A Simple Correction Term to Model Infiltration in Water‐Repellent Soils." Water Resources Research 57, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
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The effect of macropore flow on solute transport has spurred much research over the last forty years. In this study, non-reactive solute transport in water-saturated columns filled with porous media crossed by a macropore was experimentally and numerically investigated. The emphasis was put on the study of exit effects, whose very existence is inherent to the finite size of any experimental column. We specifically investigated the impact of a filter at the column outlet on water flow and solute transport in macroporous systems. Experiments involving breakthrough measurements and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that solute transport displayed some significant non-unidirectional features, with a strong mass exchange at the interface between the macropore and the matrix. Fluid dynamics and transport simulations indicated that this was due to the non-unidirectional nature of the flow field close to the outlet filter. The flow near the exit of the column was shown to be strongly impacted by the presence of the outlet filter, which acts as a barrier and redistributes water from the macropore to the matrix. This impact was apparent on the breakthrough curves and the MRI images. It was also confirmed by computer simulations and could, if not properly taken into account, impede the accurate inference of the transport properties of macroporous media from breakthrough experiments.

ACS Style

Jérôme Raimbault; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Denis Courtier-Murias; Thomas Bigot; Jaime Gil Roca; Béatrice Béchet; Laurent Lassabatère. Investigating the impact of exit effects on solute transport in macroporous media. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2021, 25, 671 -683.

AMA Style

Jérôme Raimbault, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Denis Courtier-Murias, Thomas Bigot, Jaime Gil Roca, Béatrice Béchet, Laurent Lassabatère. Investigating the impact of exit effects on solute transport in macroporous media. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2021; 25 (2):671-683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jérôme Raimbault; Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau; Denis Courtier-Murias; Thomas Bigot; Jaime Gil Roca; Béatrice Béchet; Laurent Lassabatère. 2021. "Investigating the impact of exit effects on solute transport in macroporous media." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2: 671-683.

Article
Published: 08 February 2021
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Infiltration into hydrophobic soils has been widely observed, quantified and documented in many situations and several climates (DeBano, 2000; Angulo-Jaramillo et al., 2016).The modelling of water in

ACS Style

Claude Hammecker; Siwaporn Siltecho; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Laurent Lassabatere. Modeling water infiltration into hydrophobic soils. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Claude Hammecker, Siwaporn Siltecho, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatere. Modeling water infiltration into hydrophobic soils. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claude Hammecker; Siwaporn Siltecho; Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo; Laurent Lassabatere. 2021. "Modeling water infiltration into hydrophobic soils." , no. : 1.