Climate change may induce regional climate shifts, profoundly affecting plant growth, distribution, and ecosystems. This study collected 37 Sabina chinensis (Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. cv. Kaizuca) tree cores (74 samples) from a site in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) coastal region. Utilizing traditional dendrochronological principles and methods, a standardized tree-ring width chronology was developed to detect climate shift points and explore the differences in Sabina chinensis radial growth responses to climate factors, before and after these shifts. The findings are as follows: (1) Between 1967 and 2020, temperature emerged as the main climate factor influencing the radial growth of Sabina chinensis in the study area. (2) There are differences in the correlations between the tree radial growth of Sabina chinensis and climate factors in different months and seasons, before and after climate change. (3) Moving correlation analysis indicated that the relationships between radial growth and precipitation and temperature gradually altered. The study reveals the intricate influencing mechanisms of different climate factors on Sabina chinensis radial growth, before and after climate shifts, offering valuable references for other similar dendrochronological studies.