Background: Early-life stress and dietary habits are key determinants of metabolic health. This study investigates the combined effects of maternal separation (MS) and a post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD) on liver morphology in male C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Male mice were subjected to MS during early postnatal life or kept unmanipulated (UM). After weaning, animals were assigned to either a control diet (CD) or an HFD, forming four groups: UM-CD, UM-HFD, MS-CD, and MS-HFD. Liver histology, collagen deposition, and both morphometric and stereological parameters were assessed following 16 weeks of dietary intervention. Results: MS and HFD independently altered liver structure, while the combination of both factors intensified these changes. The MS-HFD group exhibited pronounced steatosis, mixed inflammatory infiltrates, and hepatocellular ballooning, with a significantly higher NAFLD Activity Score (NAS). No significant differences were observed in liver fibrosis. Morphometric analysis revealed increased body mass in HFD-fed groups and elevated liver mass in MS-HFD. Liver volume was higher in MS-HFD, though not significantly. Liver stereology revealed reduced numerical density of hepatocytes (Nv_hep) and increased surface density (Sv_hep) in MS groups, with the most pronounced effects in MS-HFD. Conclusions: Maternal separation amplifies the hepatic alterations induced by HFD, promoting early inflammatory and steatotic changes. These findings highlight the significance of early-life stress as a factor increasing susceptibility to diet-induced liver damage.

Background/Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the type of scapular notch (SN), the morphometry of the SN, and the area of the suprascapular nerve (SSN). In addition to determining whether scapular notches other than Type VI, according to the classification of Rengachary, can generate a predisposition to SSN entrapment neuropathy. Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine dry scapulae were examined, the scapular notches were classified, according to the classification of Rengachary, and for each SN, the superior transverse diameter (STD), longitudinal diameter (LD), and area of the SN were determined. The SSN was dissected in five shoulders and its area was calculated. The data were analyzed in the statistical software SPSS. Results: The values for the STD, LD, and area of the SN showed significant differences between the types of scapular notches (p < 0.0001). Along the same lines, a considerable positive correlation (r = 0.79; p < 0.0001) was established between the area of the SN and the STD. Similarly, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.87; p < 0.0001) was established between the area of the SN and the LD. This indicated that, as the STD and the LD increase, the area of the SN increases. Conclusions: Although different studies have reported an association between SN Type VI and the compression of the SSN by the formation of a bony hole that reduces the area of the notch, we have found that SN Type IV presented a smaller area among the types of notches and a smaller area than the SSN, which exposes the SSN to be closer to or in contact with the superior transverse ligament of the scapula, potentially subjecting the nerve to greater pressure and potentially resulting in SSN entrapment. This is evidence that should be considered in the clinical diagnosis of patients with entrapment neuropathy, since the type of SN and the area of the SSN can be determined by ultrasound, which contributes to a more accurate preoperative evaluation and diagnosis.

Exposure to stress during early developmental stages correlates with persistent alterations in multiple physiological systems, including the renal system. In rodents, maternal separation (MS) is a widely used experimental model to simulate postnatal adversity. Although this condition affects various renal parameters, a gap persists in knowledge regarding its impact on the functional unit of the kidney and the organization of the parenchyma. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of MS on the morphofunctional characteristics of the kidney in rodent models. We developed a protocol a priori following the SYRCLE and PRISMA guidelines and registered it in PROSPERO (CRD420251004703). We searched Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Embase, BIREME-BVS, and SciELO without language or date restrictions, targeting experimental studies in rodents subjected to MS that evaluated structural, functional, or molecular alterations. Three independent reviewers performed data selection and extraction, and they assessed the risk of bias using the SYRCLE’s RoB tool. We included seven studies that met the eligibility criteria. At the structural level, studies reported cellular infiltrates positive for MPO, CD44, and TLR4, along with increased cortical and medullary microvascular density. Regarding renal function, the included studies described changes in ACE1 and ACE2 activity, oxidative stress, and enzymatic imbalance accompanied by a compensatory antioxidant response. At the molecular level, the studies reported variations in the expression of adrenergic receptors and the renin-angiotensin system. These findings suggest that MS may compromise the organization and functional integrity of the developing kidney, underscoring the need for studies that integrate structural and functional analyses in greater depth.

Las terminologías son utilizadas como instrumento lingüístico que permite la transmisión de conocimiento de manera precisa y sin ambigüedades en el ámbito de las ciencias. Los lineamientos de la Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) refieren que la denominación de nombres estructurales debe ser descriptivos e informativos. Este estudio analiza las raíces lingüísticas que componen el término Neuron parvum valde fluorescens vigente en Terminologia Histologica y el término Neuron parvum fluorescens vigente en Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Las células pequeñas intensamente fluorescentes son neuronas que se encuentran en el sistema nervioso autónomo, distribuidas en los ganglios simpáticos. Estas células presentan sinapsis aferentes con terminales nerviosas simpáticas preganglionares y sinapsis eferentes con las dendritas de las neuronas posganglionares. Su función es regular la transmisión ganglionar, actuando como interneuronas con señalización paracrina y endocrina. Además, se caracterizan por ser células fluorescentes, que expresan catecolaminas; serotonina, noradrenalina y dopamina. Se realizó una búsqueda en Terminologia Histologica y Terminologia Neuroanatomica, con una traducción de los términos al español. Además, la búsqueda se complementó en un diccionario etimológico en inglés para los términos correspondientes. Esta investigación encontró diferencia entre la traducción del latín al español del término fluorescens, quien posee un origen etimológico muy diferente a su significado en español. El término Neuron parvum valde fluorescens en Terminologia Histologica y el término Neuron parvum fluorescens en Terminologia Neuroanatomica, identifican a la misma estructura. Se sugiere reemplazar ambos términos por Cateconeuron ganglionare, entregando así una correcta descripción de este tipo de neurona, considerando su ubicación y función. Además, de esta manera ser un término concordante en latín para su incorporación en Terminologia Neuroanatomica y Terminologia Histologica.

Jhonatan Duque-Colorado, Laura García-Orozco, Andrés Riveros, Mariano del Sol. Anat Cell Biol -0001;0:. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.24.186

Laura García-Orozco, Jhonatan Duque-Colorado, Mariano del Sol. Anat Cell Biol -0001;0:. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.25.056