Given the critical role of urban green space (UGS) in fostering sustainable urban development, there is a growing focus on assessing levels and inequalities in urban green space exposure. However, the integration of UGS with urban development, particularly in the context of China’s unique national conditions, remains underexplored. This study evaluates the adequacy and equity of urban green space provision in 140 Chinese cities (with built-up areas exceeding 100 km²) using metrics such as the percentage of green space, green space exposure, and the Gini coefficient. Additionally, the study investigates the interplay between natural, economic, and social factors and UGS variables, particularly examining the interrelation of urbanization and green sustainable development within the framework of China’s distinctive land finance policy. The findings reveal that most large Chinese cities suffer from inadequate and inequitable green space provisions, with a clear connection between these deficiencies. The study highlights that factors such as favorable natural conditions, economic growth, urbanization, favorable living conditions, and the unique land finance and transfer system in China can enhance urban green space exposure and equality. This research offers valuable insights and evidence for Chinese central and local governments to devise effective and sustainable greening strategies, aiming to attain high-quality urban development.

Against the backdrop of increasing resource and environmental constraints, improving the land use efficiency of state-owned agricultural land is of great significance for promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study measures the land use efficiency of state-owned agricultural land across 29 provinces in China based on data from the China State Farms Statistical Yearbook (2019–2023). The super-efficiency slack-based measure model (Super-SBM), incorporating both desirable and undesirable outputs, is employed, and global and local spatial autocorrelation methods are further applied to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of land use efficiency. The results indicate the following: (1) from 2019 to 2023, the overall land use efficiency of state-owned agricultural land in China remained below or slightly above the efficiency frontier, exhibiting a fluctuating trend characterized by an initial increase followed by a decline; (2) significant regional disparities exist, with high-efficiency areas mainly concentrated in Northeast China and the eastern coastal regions, while low-efficiency areas are primarily distributed in western regions and parts of central China; (3) spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals that land use efficiency shows an increasingly pronounced spatial clustering pattern at the provincial scale. After 2022, high–high and low–low clustering became more evident, although a certain degree of spatial heterogeneity still persists overall. These findings provide empirical evidence for understanding the spatial differentiation and evolutionary patterns of the land use efficiency of state-owned agricultural land and offer useful insights for optimizing land resource allocation and management.