Audio-driven cross-modal talking head generation has experienced significant advancement in the last several years, and it aims to generate a talking head video that corresponds to a given audio sequence. Out of these approaches, the NeRF-based method can generate videos featuring a specific person with more natural motion compared to the one-shot methods. However, previous approaches failed to distinguish the importance of different regions, resulting in the loss of information-rich region features. To alleviate the problem and improve video quality, we propose MLDF-NeRF, an end-to-end method for talking head generation, which can achieve better vector representation through multi-level feature dynamic fusion. Specifically, we designed two modules in MLDF-NeRF to enhance the cross-modal mapping ability between audio and different facial regions. We initially developed a multi-level tri-plane hash representation that uses three sets of tri-plane hash networks with varying resolutions of limitation to capture the dynamic information of the face more accurately. Then, we introduce the idea of multi-head attention and design an efficient audio-visual fusion module that explicitly fuses audio features with image features from different planes, thereby improving the mapping between audio features and spatial information. Meanwhile, the design helps to minimize interference from facial areas unrelated to audio, thereby improving the overall quality of the representation. The quantitative and qualitative results indicate that our proposed method can effectively generate talk heads with natural actions and realistic details. Compared with previous methods, it performs better in terms of image quality, lip sync, and other aspects.

Sentiment analysis is pivotal in advancing human–computer interaction (HCI) systems as it enables emotionally intelligent responses. While existing models show potential for HCI applications, current conversational datasets exhibit critical limitations in real-world deployment, particularly in capturing domain-specific emotional dynamics and context-sensitive behavioral patterns—constraints that hinder semantic comprehension and adaptive capabilities in task-driven HCI scenarios. To address these gaps, we present Multi-HM, the first multimodal emotion recognition dataset explicitly designed for human–machine consultation systems. It contains 2000 professionally annotated dialogues across 10 major HCI domains. Our dataset employs a five-dimensional annotation framework that systematically integrates textual, vocal, and visual modalities while simulating authentic HCI workflows to encode pragmatic behavioral cues and mission-critical emotional trajectories. Experiments demonstrate that Multi-HM-trained models achieve state-of-the-art performance in recognizing task-oriented affective states. This resource establishes a crucial foundation for developing human-centric AI systems that dynamically adapt to users’ evolving emotional needs.