It is crucial to understand soil water evaporation, especially in coconut plantations, where soil cover directly influences this process. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the evaporation of water from the soil in a green dwarf coconut plantation under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, occurring in the planting row and between the rows under the climatic conditions of the Eastern Amazon. The study was developed in a green dwarf coconut plantation in Santa Izabel do Pará, Brazil. Soil water evaporation was measured using microlysimeters. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with a split-plot scheme. The results were divided and analyzed into rainy and less rainy periods, and as the ANOVA assumptions were not met, the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were performed (p ≤ 0.05). Soil water evaporation in the non-irrigated area was higher in both the row and the interrow compared to the irrigated area. Among the locations, soil water evaporation is greater in the row than interrows in both treatments, regardless of seasonality. The differences in soil water evaporation under the conditions analyzed can be attributed to the uncovered soil and its water dynamics, in addition to the shading caused by plant leaves, which interferes with the interception of solar radiation.

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is a perennial fruit palm of great global socioeconomic importance. To increase production and mitigate water deficit during the less rainy season, irrigation systems have been expanded across various fruit species, especially coconut palms, which are sensitive to water deficits. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of irrigation depths, based on crop evapotranspiration, on the physical variables of the fruits, fruit yield, and water productivity (in terms of fruits and coconut water) in a commercial coconut plantation in Santa Izabel do Pará, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Santa Izabel do Pará (PA), using a randomized block design with six blocks and four treatments corresponding to irrigation depths of 0 (rainfed), 50, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration, with 24 experimental plots. The evaluation was carried out in relation to production variables: fruit mass and fruit water volume. Fruit yield and water productivity were assessed in terms of fruit number and coconut water volume. Statistical analyses were performed at a significance level equivalent to p ≤ 0.05. The variables of fruit production and yield were influenced by irrigation. Irrigation had a positive effect on water productivity in terms of fruit production; however, no differences were observed among treatments for water volume. It is concluded that irrigation is essential to maximize the production and yield of dwarf green coconut, especially in regions with prolonged dry periods.