Amazonian ungulates, which include the red brocket deer, grey brocket deer, collared peccary, white-lipped peccary, and lowland tapir, consume large quantities ...

Terrestrial ungulates use different strategies to cope with widespread annual flooding of the Amazon basin. Red brocket deer (Mazama americana) and collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) retreat to floodplain islands and shift from a frugivorous to a woody browse diet. However, both white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) diets are unaffected by inundations; in the case of white-lipped peccary because they migrate into and out of flooded areas and in the case of lowland tapir because of their semi-aquatic nature. These-strategies of white-lipped peccary and lowland tapir enable them to exploit the greater fruit production of flooded forests more frequently than brocket deer and collared peccary.

Large non‐ruminant ungulates consume the more abundant low‐quality forage because this gives them the advantage of reducing search effort. However, large‐bodied herbivores would be predicted to search for high‐quality fruit patches if these patches were of large size and the fruits rich in nutrients. Diets of lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), a large non‐ruminant of the Amazon basin, were examined from animals of north‐eastern Peru to investigate this relationship between high‐quality fruit, lower‐quality browse and searching behaviour. Lowland tapir consumed on average 33% fruit, which is relatively high for a large non‐ruminant ungulate. The fruit portion of lowland tapir diets was dominated by the nutritious Mauritia flexuosa (Palmae) drupes, which were selected by tapir more frequently than other fruit types. M. flexuosa palms grow in virtually monotypic stands and occur in larger patches than other fruit trees used by terrestrial herbivores of the Amazon. Lowland tapir encountered fruits more frequently when ranging in M. flexuosa palm forests than in non‐palm forests, because they changed their searching behaviour once they entered palm forests by turning more abruptly. It appears that lowland tapir can consume greater proportions of fruit than other large non‐ruminant ungulates, because they exploit a nutritious fruit that occurs in large patches and that meets the energy demands of their large body size.