The research has been carried out with a focus on the assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of pure nanohydroxyapatite, Cu²⁺-doped nanohydroxyapatite, ozonated olive oil-loaded nanohydroxyapatite, and Cu²⁺-doped nanohydroxyapatite, respectively. Their potential antimicrobial activity was investigated against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Candida albicans. Among all tested materials, the highest efficacy was observed in terms of ozonated olive oil. The studies were performed using an Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), electron microscopy, and statistical methods, by determining the value of Colony-Forming Units (CFU/mL) and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).

Spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is blood accumulation between the dura mater of the spinal canal and the bone of the vertebrae. It is estimated to be an extremely rare incidence, affecting approximately 0.1 of 100,000 patients. When the suspected cause is a sport-related injury in the majority of cases it affects the trauma region. The aim of this case report was to outline the case of a 60-year-old man who was admitted to the Emergency Department due to acute, severe pain in the lumbar region which lasted 30 min. It occurred that 54 h prior to the admission, he suffered a head injury due to sport-related trauma during recreational skiing. When waiting for the laboratory and imaging test results the patient developed bilateral paralysis of the lower limbs. The MR examination results showed SEH at the level Th9-L1; therefore, immediate neurosurgical laminectomy was performed. After 36 months of rehabilitation, the patient can walk independently. In summary, SEH without immediate and appropriate treatment is linked with very poor clinical outcome. Moreover, a high mortality rate of 7% and the fact that more than half of patients do not return to full physical health incentives its inclusion in differential diagnosis every time when symptoms of spinal cord involvement are found. Furthermore, delayed aftermath in the form of paresis of the lower limbs requires long-term and intensive physical rehabilitation.

The aging population has led to an increasing number of patients with urological conditions, such as urinary tract infections, prostate and bladder cancer, and nephrolithiasis. These diseases often require regular medical visits, posing challenges for elderly patients with usually limited...

Introduction and purpose: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease with four clinical subtypes based on the predominant signs and symptoms. The majority of patients present skin problems like reddening, papules or pustules, swelling of the face and nose, and eye symptoms like dryness, tearing, and redness. Anxiety and depression associated with rosacea deeply affect the quality of patients' lives. Yet, the pathogenesis of rosacea remains poorly understood, with suggestions of involvement from various complex factors like immune dysregulation, genetic factors, neurovascular dysregulation, micro-organisms, and environmental factors as promoting features of rosacea. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to investigate the association between factors like alcohol intake, Helicobacter pylori infection, and cardiovascular diseases and the risk of developing rosacea. Material and methods: An analysis of papers available in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link was performed. Conclusion: The knowledge presented in this review suggests the existence of links between rosacea and various risk factors like alcohol intake, infection of H.pylori, and Cardiovascular diseases. Considering the clinical and pathological differences among rosacea subtypes, it is essential to explore the role of alcohol in each subtype separately. While rosacea may not be directly associated with IHD, stroke, or diabetes, it does show correlations with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Rosacea is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of HP infection, but high-quality prospective studies are needed to ascertain if Helicobacter Pylori is a risk factor for rosacea. Further investigations are warranted to validate these findings and explore underlying mechanisms. The predisposing factors revealed in this study could help us gain insights into rosacea pathophysiology and develop interventions especially targeting modifiable risk factors.

Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, especially in older people. Bladder cancer belongs to urothelial carcinomas, which can also occur in other parts of the urinary tract (also at the same time). The most common symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria. Bladder cancer...