Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a prevalent malignancy marked by molecular heterogeneity, which contributes to resistance to standard therapies and poor clinical prognosis. Advances in genomic and transcriptomic profiling have identified key drivers such as alterations in AR, TP53, PTEN, and RB1, which also enable cancer cells to circumvent therapies. Despite such advances, the underlying mechanisms involved in mCRPC drug resistance are complex, creating an urgent need for novel therapies to improve clinical outcomes. To address this clinical problem, strategies focused on targeting underlying molecular and metabolic supportive pathways using nano-delivery systems of diverse drugs could be promising in both CRPC and mCRPC therapy. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the genomic and microenvironmental landscape of mCRPC and explores emerging classification frameworks aimed at improving patient outcomes. We highlight the potential of integrative multi-omics approaches to inform precision oncology and guide the development of more effective, personalized treatments for prostate cancer therapy.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases globally. Several risk factors are associated with increased AD onset, including genetics, physical activity, and varying levels of social interaction. Extensive research has explored potential treatments for AD, among which oxytocin (OX) has shown beneficial effects on memory-related neurological processes. OX has been suggested to modulate neuroplasticity within the hippocampus in rat and mouse AD models. Further studies indicate that intranasal administration of OX may lead to significant improvements in memory and cognition. In addition, a non-peptide agonistic analogue, LIT-001, has been investigated. This review aims to provide insight into the potential of OX as a therapeutic target for AD and to explore alternatives that activate similar cellular signaling pathways.