This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Jan Peter van der Hoek is Professor of Drinking Water Engineering at Delft University of Technology. He also is also Chief Innovation Officer at Waternet, the water cycle company of Amsterdam and surroundings. In this position he is responsible for the innovation strategy and the research agenda of Waternet. He is Principal Investigator at Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions. Jan Peter van der Hoek is a member of Standard Commission 1 of EurEau, the European Federation of National Associations of Water Suppliers and Waste Water Services. Standard Commission 1 deals with drinking water affairs. Jan Peter van der Hoek is chair of the Program Committee of the joint research program of the Dutch drinking water companies, and vice chair of the Program Council of the TKI Watertechnology, part of the Dutch Topsector Water & Maritime.
Liquid-solid fluidisation is frequently encountered in drinking water treatment processes, often to obtain a large liquid-solid interfacial surface area. A large surface area is crucial for optimal seeded crystallisation in full-scale softening reactors. Due to crystallisation, particles grow and migrate to a lower zone in the reactor which leads to a stratified bed. Larger particles adversely affect the surface area. To maintain optimal process conditions in the fluidised beds, information is needed about the distribution of particle size, local voidage and available surface area, over the reactor height. In this work, a sensor is developed to obtain the hydraulic state gradient, based on Archimedes’ principle. A cylindrical heavy object is submerged in the fluidised bed and lowered gradually while its weight is measured at various heights using a sensitive force measuring device. Based on accurate fluidisation experiments with calcite grains, the voidage is determined and a straightforward empirical model is developed to estimate the particle size as a function of superficial fluid velocity, kinematic viscosity, suspension density, voidage and particle density. The surface area and specific space velocity can be estimated accordingly, which represent key performance indicators regarding the hydraulic state of the fluidised bed reactor. The prediction error for voidage is 5 ± 2 % and for particle size 9 ± 4 %. The newly developed soft sensor is a more time-effective method for obtaining the hydraulic state in full-scale liquid-solid fluidised bed reactors.
O.J.I. Kramer; C. van Schaik; J.J. Hangelbroek; P.J. de Moel; M.G. Colin; M. Amsing; E.S. Boek; W.P. Breugem; J.T. Padding; J.P. van der Hoek. A novel sensor measuring local voidage profile inside a fluidised bed reactor. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2021, 42, 102091 .
AMA StyleO.J.I. Kramer, C. van Schaik, J.J. Hangelbroek, P.J. de Moel, M.G. Colin, M. Amsing, E.S. Boek, W.P. Breugem, J.T. Padding, J.P. van der Hoek. A novel sensor measuring local voidage profile inside a fluidised bed reactor. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2021; 42 ():102091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO.J.I. Kramer; C. van Schaik; J.J. Hangelbroek; P.J. de Moel; M.G. Colin; M. Amsing; E.S. Boek; W.P. Breugem; J.T. Padding; J.P. van der Hoek. 2021. "A novel sensor measuring local voidage profile inside a fluidised bed reactor." Journal of Water Process Engineering 42, no. : 102091.
The fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates electricity production, mobility, heating of buildings and water management with a major role for storage and conversion. The minimization of energy transport in such an integrated system indicates the need for local optimization. This study focuses on a comparison between different novel system designs for neighborhood energy and water systems with varying modes of system integration, including all-electric, power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen. A simulation model is developed to determine the energy and water balance and carry out economic analysis to calculate the system costs of various scenarios. We show that system costs are the lowest in a scenario that combines a hydrogen boiler and heat pumps for household heating; or a power-to-X system that combines power-to-heat, seasonal heat storage, and power-to-hydrogen (2070 €/household/year). Scenarios with electricity as the main energy carrier have higher retrofitting costs for buildings (insulation + heat pump), which leads to higher system costs (2320–2370 €/household/year) than more integrated systems. We conclude that diversification in energy carriers can contribute to a smooth transition of existing residential areas.
Els van der Roest; Theo Fens; Martin Bloemendal; Stijn Beernink; Jan van der Hoek; Ad van Wijk. The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System. Energies 2021, 14, 2616 .
AMA StyleEls van der Roest, Theo Fens, Martin Bloemendal, Stijn Beernink, Jan van der Hoek, Ad van Wijk. The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEls van der Roest; Theo Fens; Martin Bloemendal; Stijn Beernink; Jan van der Hoek; Ad van Wijk. 2021. "The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System." Energies 14, no. 9: 2616.
Drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) have a huge potential for cold thermal energy recovery (TED). TED can provide cooling for buildings and spaces with high cooling requirements as an alternative for traditional cooling, reduce usage of electricity or fossil fuel, and thus TED helps reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is no research on the environmental assessment of TED systems, and no standards are available for the maximum temperature limit (Tmax) after recovery of cold. During cold recovery, the water temperature increases, and water at the customer’s tap may be warmer as a result. Previous research showed that increasing Tmax up to 30 °C is safe in terms of microbiological risks. The present research was carried out to determine what raising Tmax would entail in terms of energy savings, GHG emission reduction and water temperature dynamics during transport. For this purpose, a full-scale TED system in Amsterdam was used as a benchmark, where Tmax is currently set at 15 °C. Tmax was theoretically set at 20, 25 and 30 °C to calculate energy savings and CO2 emission reduction and for water temperature modeling during transport after cold recovery. Results showed that by raising Tmax from the current 15 °C to 20, 25 and 30 °C, the retrievable cooling energy and GHG emission reduction could be increased by 250, 425 and 600%, respectively. The drinking water temperature model predicted that within a distance of 4 km after TED, water temperature resembles that of the surrounding subsurface soil. Hence, a higher Tmax will substantially increase the TED potential of DWDN while keeping the same comfort level at the customer’s tap.
Jawairia Ahmad; Sara Giorgi; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Gang Liu; Jan van der Hoek. Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose. Energies 2021, 14, 2413 .
AMA StyleJawairia Ahmad, Sara Giorgi, Ljiljana Zlatanovic, Gang Liu, Jan van der Hoek. Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJawairia Ahmad; Sara Giorgi; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Gang Liu; Jan van der Hoek. 2021. "Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose." Energies 14, no. 9: 2413.
The aim of this study was to assess the health risks that may arise from the implementation of greywater reuse and rainwater harvesting for household use, especially for toilet flushing. In addition, the risk of cross connections between these systems and the drinking water system was considered. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a method that uses mathematical modelling to estimate the risk of infection when exposure to pathogens happens and was used in this study to assess the health risks. The results showed that using rainwater without prior treatment for toilet flushing poses an annual infection risk from L. pneumophila at 0.64 per-person-per-year (pppy) which exceeds the Dutch standard of 10−4 pppy. The use of untreated greywater showed a risk that is below the standard. However, treatment is recommended due to the ability of P. aeruginosa to grow in the reuse system. Moreover, showering and drinking with cross-connected water has a high annual infection risk that exceeds the standard due to contact with Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli O157:H7. Several measures can be implemented to mitigate the risks such as treating the greywater and rainwater with a minimum of 5-log removal, closing the toilet lid while flushing, good design of greywater and rainwater collection systems, and rigorous plumbing installation procedures.
Agung Kusumawardhana; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Arne Bosch; Jan van der Hoek. Microbiological Health Risk Assessment of Water Conservation Strategies: A Case Study in Amsterdam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2595 .
AMA StyleAgung Kusumawardhana, Ljiljana Zlatanovic, Arne Bosch, Jan van der Hoek. Microbiological Health Risk Assessment of Water Conservation Strategies: A Case Study in Amsterdam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgung Kusumawardhana; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Arne Bosch; Jan van der Hoek. 2021. "Microbiological Health Risk Assessment of Water Conservation Strategies: A Case Study in Amsterdam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2595.
Natural particles are frequently applied in drinking water treatment processes in fixed bed reactors, fluidised bed reactors, and sedimentation processes to clarify water and to concentrate solids. When particles settle, it has been found that, in terms of hydraulics, natural particles behave differently when compared to perfectly round spheres. To estimate the terminal settling velocity of single solid particles in a liquid system, a comprehensive collection of equations is available. For perfectly round spheres, the settling velocity can be calculated quite accurately. However, for naturally polydisperse non-spherical particles, experimentally measured settling velocities of individual particles show considerable spread from the calculated average values. This work aims to analyse and explain the different causes of this spread. To this end, terminal settling experiments were conducted in a quiescent fluid with particles varying in density, size, and shape. For the settling experiments, opaque and transparent spherical polydisperse and monodisperse glass beads were selected. In this study, we also examined drinking-water-related particles, like calcite pellets and crushed calcite seeding material grains, which are both applied in drinking water softening. Polydisperse calcite pellets were sieved and separated to acquire more uniformly dispersed samples. In addition, a wide variety of grains with different densities, sizes, and shapes were investigated for their terminal settling velocity and behaviour. The derived drag coefficient was compared with well-known models such as the one of Brown and Lawler (2003). A sensitivity analysis showed that the spread is caused, to a lesser extent, by variations in fluid properties, measurement errors, and wall effects. Natural variations in specific particle density, path trajectory instabilities, and distinctive multi-particle settling behaviour caused a slightly larger degree of the spread. In contrast, a greater spread is caused by variations in particle size, shape, and orientation. In terms of robust process designs and adequate process optimisation for fluidisation and sedimentation of natural granules, it is therefore crucial to take into consideration the influence of the natural variations in the settling velocity when using predictive models of round spheres.
Onno J. I. Kramer; Peter J. de Moel; Shravan K. R. Raaghav; Eric T. Baars; Wim H. van Vugt; Wim-Paul Breugem; Johan T. Padding; Jan Peter van der Hoek. Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately? Drinking Water Engineering and Science 2021, 14, 53 -71.
AMA StyleOnno J. I. Kramer, Peter J. de Moel, Shravan K. R. Raaghav, Eric T. Baars, Wim H. van Vugt, Wim-Paul Breugem, Johan T. Padding, Jan Peter van der Hoek. Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately? Drinking Water Engineering and Science. 2021; 14 (1):53-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnno J. I. Kramer; Peter J. de Moel; Shravan K. R. Raaghav; Eric T. Baars; Wim H. van Vugt; Wim-Paul Breugem; Johan T. Padding; Jan Peter van der Hoek. 2021. "Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately?" Drinking Water Engineering and Science 14, no. 1: 53-71.
A novel sol-gel method was employed in this study to efficiently synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles to catalyze the ozonation of acetaminophen (ACT) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various parameters including Sn source, type of capping and alkaline agents, and calcination temperature on the catalytic activity of the SnO2 preparations was investigated. The SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by tin tetrachloride as Sn source, NaOH as gelatin agent, CTAB as capping agent and at calcination temperature of 550 °C (SnNaC-550) exhibited the maximum performance in the catalysis of ACT. The optimized catalyst (SnNaC-550) had spherical-homogeneous and cubic-shaped nanocrystalline particles with 5.5 nm mean particle size and a BET surface area of 81 m2/g, which resulted in 98% degradation and 84% mineralization of 50 mg/L ACT at 20 and 30 min reaction time, respectively when combined with ozonation (COP). Based on the radical scavenger experiments, •OH was the major oxidizing agent involved in the removal of ACT. LC/MS analysis showed that short-chain carboxylic acids were the main intermediates. Furthermore, the SnNaC-550 catalytic activity was preserved after four successive cycles. Collectively, the new method has the potential to efficiently synthesize stable and reusable SnO2 nanoparticles to catalyze the ozonation of ACT from aquatic environments.
Fatemeh Rashidashmagh; Yasmina Doekhi-Bennani; Mostafa Tizghadam-Ghazani; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ali Mashayekh-Salehi; Bas S.G.J. Heijman; Kamyar Yaghmaeian. Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 crystalline nanoparticles: A new approach for enhancing the catalytic ozonation of acetaminophen. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 404, 124154 .
AMA StyleFatemeh Rashidashmagh, Yasmina Doekhi-Bennani, Mostafa Tizghadam-Ghazani, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Ali Mashayekh-Salehi, Bas S.G.J. Heijman, Kamyar Yaghmaeian. Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 crystalline nanoparticles: A new approach for enhancing the catalytic ozonation of acetaminophen. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 404 ():124154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Rashidashmagh; Yasmina Doekhi-Bennani; Mostafa Tizghadam-Ghazani; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ali Mashayekh-Salehi; Bas S.G.J. Heijman; Kamyar Yaghmaeian. 2021. "Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 crystalline nanoparticles: A new approach for enhancing the catalytic ozonation of acetaminophen." Journal of Hazardous Materials 404, no. : 124154.
A significant challenge for managers of drinking water infrastructures is to make effective strategic decisions for assets with a long lifetime in an uncertain and changing environment. Water resources, which are part of the drinking water infrastructures, have a special position in this decision making process as they operate at the interface of the socio-technical and the socio-ecological subsystems: water resources are the input for the technical system, consisting of pipes and pumps that interact with different actors; and water resources can be seen as output from the ecological system which is influenced by environmental and political issues like climate change, drought and competing and changing uses of water and space. This paper discusses how to design the water resources in such a way that they function in the desired way at present, but that the design also fits an uncertain future as good as possible. To this extent, a framework was developed based upon the notion of resilience. Existing general design principles for socio-technical systems from literature were used as building blocks in the development of our water resources design principles (WR-DP) framework. Three key characteristics of water resources were distinguished in this framework: water quantity, water quality and the environmental impact of the water resources. In addition, we distinguished two dimensions that allowed us to explicitly describe all possible design principles: system scale and class. The first dimension, system scale, ranges from one water resource to a network of water resources. The second dimension, class, makes a distinction between social aspects and technical aspects. Application of the WR-DP framework in a case of a drinking water company in the Netherlands showed the usability of the framework.
Ritsche A. Kloosterman; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek; Paulien Herder. Resilient Drinking Water Resources. Water Resources Management 2020, 35, 337 -351.
AMA StyleRitsche A. Kloosterman, Jan Peter Van Der Hoek, Paulien Herder. Resilient Drinking Water Resources. Water Resources Management. 2020; 35 (1):337-351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRitsche A. Kloosterman; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek; Paulien Herder. 2020. "Resilient Drinking Water Resources." Water Resources Management 35, no. 1: 337-351.
Degradation of tetracycline (TTC) with a heterogeneous Fenton-like pyrite/H2O2 process by pyrite from mine waste as a mineral catalyst was investigated. The study focused on identifying the main oxidizing agents and degradation mechanisms along with operational variables including solution pH, pyrite and H2O2 concentration, contact time, solution temperature, and initial TTC concentration. Catalyst characterization tests revealed that pyrite is a mesoporous powder with a high degree of FeS2 purity. Radical scavenger tests demonstrated that •OH was the main oxidizing agent generated by both solution and surface phase reactions. During the pyrite/H2O2 process, more than 85% of TTC was mineralized in 60 min and the maximum TTC removal was attained in the solution at an acidic pH value (4.1). The most abundant transformation products of TTC, formed by the attack of •OH radicals, were simple chain carboxylic acids. Cultured cells of human embryonic kidney (HEK) were used for the cytotoxicity assessment of raw and pyrite/H2O2 treated TTC solutions. The results illustrated that the viability of HEK cells was enhanced considerably after treating TTC solutions under optimal conditions. Accordingly, pyrite originating from mine waste is a practically effective and cost-effective catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems for mineralization and degradation of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics.
Ali Mashayekh-Salehi; Khatare Akbarmojeni; Aliakbar Roudbari; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ramin Nabizadeh; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Kamyar Yaghmaeian. Use of mine waste for H2O2-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline by natural pyrite nanoparticles: Catalyst characterization, degradation mechanism, operational parameters and cytotoxicity assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 291, 125235 .
AMA StyleAli Mashayekh-Salehi, Khatare Akbarmojeni, Aliakbar Roudbari, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Ramin Nabizadeh, Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Kamyar Yaghmaeian. Use of mine waste for H2O2-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline by natural pyrite nanoparticles: Catalyst characterization, degradation mechanism, operational parameters and cytotoxicity assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 291 ():125235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Mashayekh-Salehi; Khatare Akbarmojeni; Aliakbar Roudbari; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ramin Nabizadeh; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Kamyar Yaghmaeian. 2020. "Use of mine waste for H2O2-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline by natural pyrite nanoparticles: Catalyst characterization, degradation mechanism, operational parameters and cytotoxicity assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 291, no. : 125235.
The provision of urban water and wastewater services contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urban water supply and wastewater utilities can potentially achieve low-carbon or carbon-neutral operation through many “utility opportunities”. Outside the jurisdiction of water utilities, many water-related “wider opportunities” can also contribute to GHG emissions abatement for cities. This study aims to explore the GHG emissions abatement potential, cost effectiveness, and enabling factors of implementing wider opportunities in cities. Using Amsterdam as a case study, we developed a marginal abatement cost curve to compare the abatement potential and cost effectiveness of both utility and wider opportunities. The results show that many wider opportunities related to thermal energy, water end use, and life cycle are cost-effective with significant abatement potential, compared to utility opportunities. This case study and emerging worldwide examples show that the water industry has a role to play to support wider water-related opportunities in cities. This vision can be supported by developing mechanisms to credit utilities for wider opportunity initiatives, building inter- and intrasectoral partnerships for utilities, accounting for scope 3 emissions of utilities, and being open to extend utilities’ role beyond water and wastewater services providers.
Ka Leung Lam; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. Low-Carbon Urban Water Systems: Opportunities beyond Water and Wastewater Utilities? Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 14854 -14861.
AMA StyleKa Leung Lam, Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. Low-Carbon Urban Water Systems: Opportunities beyond Water and Wastewater Utilities? Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (23):14854-14861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKa Leung Lam; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. 2020. "Low-Carbon Urban Water Systems: Opportunities beyond Water and Wastewater Utilities?" Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 23: 14854-14861.
Natural particles are frequently applied in drinking water treatment processes in fixed bed reactors, in fluidised bed reactors, and in sedimentation processes to clarify water and to concentrate solids. When particles settle, it has been found that in terms of hydraulics, natural particles behave differently when compared to perfectly round spheres. To estimate the terminal settling velocity of single solid particles in a liquid system, a comprehensive collection of equations is available. For perfectly round spheres, the settling velocity can be calculated quite accurately. However, for naturally polydisperse non-spherical particles, experimentally measured settling velocities of individual particles show considerable spread from the calculated average values. This work aimed to analyse and explain the different causes of this spread. To this end, terminal settling experiments were conducted in a quiescent fluid with particles varying in density, size and shape. For the settling experiments, opaque and transparent spherical polydisperse and monodisperse glass beads were selected. In this study, we also examined drinking water related particles, like calcite pellets and crushed calcite seeding material grains, both applied in drinking water softening. Polydisperse calcite pellets were sieved and separated to acquire more uniformly dispersed samples. In addition, a wide variety of grains with different densities, sizes and shapes were investigated for their terminal settling velocity and behaviour. The derived drag coefficient was compared with well-known models such as Brown–Lawler. A sensitivity analysis showed that the spread is caused to a lesser extent by variations in fluid properties, measurement errors and wall effects. Natural variations in specific particle density, path trajectory instabilities and distinctive multi-particle settling behaviour caused a slightly larger degree of spread. In contrast, greater spread is caused by variations in particle size, shape and orientation.
Onno J. I. Kramer; Peter J. de Moel; Shravan K. R. Raaghav; Eric T. Baars; Wim H. van Vugt; Wim-Paul Breugem; Johan T. Padding; Jan Peter van der Hoek. Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately? 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleOnno J. I. Kramer, Peter J. de Moel, Shravan K. R. Raaghav, Eric T. Baars, Wim H. van Vugt, Wim-Paul Breugem, Johan T. Padding, Jan Peter van der Hoek. Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately? . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnno J. I. Kramer; Peter J. de Moel; Shravan K. R. Raaghav; Eric T. Baars; Wim H. van Vugt; Wim-Paul Breugem; Johan T. Padding; Jan Peter van der Hoek. 2020. "Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately?" , no. : 1.
Continuous development of industry and civilization has led to changes in composition, texture and toxicity of waste water due to the wide range of pollutants being present. Considering that the conventional wastewater treatment methods are insufficient for removing micropollutants and nutrients to a high level, other, alternative, treatment methods should be used to polish wastewater treatment plant effluents. In this study we developed an alternative, polishing concept for removal of ammonium and micropollutants that could potentially be incorporated in existing wastewater treatment plants. We demonstrated a method to use high silica MOR zeolite granules as an adsorbent for simultaneous removal of the micropollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ammonium (NH4+) ions from aqueous solutions. At an initial NH4+ concentration of 10 mg/L the high silica zeolite mordenite (MOR) granules removed 0.42 mg/g of NH4+, similar to the removal obtained by commonly used natural zeolite Zeolita (0.44 mg/g). However, at higher NH4+ concentrations the Zeolita performed better. In addition, the Langmuir isotherm model showed a higher maximum adsorption capacity of Zeolita (qmax, 4.08 mg/g), which was about two times higher than that of MOR (2.11). The adsorption capacity of MOR towards SMX, at both low (2 µg/L) and high (50 mg/L) initial concentrations, was high and even increased in the presence of NH4+ ions. The used adsorbent could be regenerated with ozone and reused in consecutive adsorption–regeneration cycles with marginal decrease in the total adsorption capacity.
Yasmina Doekhi-Bennani; Nazila Mir Leilabady; Mingyan Fu; Luuk C. Rietveld; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Sebastiaan G.J. Heijman. Simultaneous removal of ammonium ions and sulfamethoxazole by ozone regenerated high silica zeolites. Water Research 2020, 188, 116472 .
AMA StyleYasmina Doekhi-Bennani, Nazila Mir Leilabady, Mingyan Fu, Luuk C. Rietveld, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Sebastiaan G.J. Heijman. Simultaneous removal of ammonium ions and sulfamethoxazole by ozone regenerated high silica zeolites. Water Research. 2020; 188 ():116472.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasmina Doekhi-Bennani; Nazila Mir Leilabady; Mingyan Fu; Luuk C. Rietveld; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Sebastiaan G.J. Heijman. 2020. "Simultaneous removal of ammonium ions and sulfamethoxazole by ozone regenerated high silica zeolites." Water Research 188, no. : 116472.
In full-scale drinking water production plants in the Netherlands, central softening is widely used for reasons related to public health, client comfort, and economic and environmental benefits. Almost 500 million cubic meters of water is softened annually through seeded crystallisation in fluidised bed reactors. The societal call for a circular economy has put pressure on this treatment process to become more sustainable. By optimising relevant process conditions, the consumption of chemicals can be reduced, and raw materials reused. Optimal process conditions are feasible if the specific crystallisation surface area in the fluidised bed is large enough to support the performance of the seeded crystallisation process. To determine the specific surface area, crucial variables including voidage and particle size must be known. Numerous models can be found in the literature to estimate the voidage in liquid-solid fluidisation processes. Many of these models are based on semi-empirical porous-media-based drag relations like Ergun or semi-empirical terminal-settling based models such as Richardson-Zaki and fitted for monodisperse, almost perfectly round particles. In this study, we present new voidage prediction models based on accurate data obtained from elaborate pilot plant experiments and non-linear symbolic regression methods. The models were compared with the most popular voidage prediction models using different statistical methods. An explicit model for voidage estimation based on the dimensionless Reynolds and Froude numbers is presented here that can be used for a wide range of particle sizes, fluid velocities and temperatures and that can therefore be directly used in water treatment processes such as drinking water pellet softening. The advantage of this model is that there is no need for applying numerical solutions; therefore, it can be explicitly implemented. The prediction errors for classical models from the literature lie between 2.7 % and 11.4 %. With our new model, the voidage prediction error is reduced to 1.9 %.
Onno Kramer; P.J. de Moel; J.T. Padding; E.T. Baars; Y.M.F. El Hasadi; E.S. Boek; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Accurate voidage prediction in fluidisation systems for full-scale drinking water pellet softening reactors using data driven models. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020, 37, 101481 .
AMA StyleOnno Kramer, P.J. de Moel, J.T. Padding, E.T. Baars, Y.M.F. El Hasadi, E.S. Boek, Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Accurate voidage prediction in fluidisation systems for full-scale drinking water pellet softening reactors using data driven models. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020; 37 ():101481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOnno Kramer; P.J. de Moel; J.T. Padding; E.T. Baars; Y.M.F. El Hasadi; E.S. Boek; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. 2020. "Accurate voidage prediction in fluidisation systems for full-scale drinking water pellet softening reactors using data driven models." Journal of Water Process Engineering 37, no. : 101481.
As well as known contaminants, surface waters also contain an unknown variety of chemical and microbial contaminants which can pose a risk to humans if surface water is used for the production of drinking water. To protect human health proactively, and in a cost-efficient way, water authorities and drinking water companies need early warning systems. This study aimed to (1) assess the effectiveness of screening the scientific literature to direct sampling campaigns for early warning purposes, and (2) detect new aquatic contaminants of concern to public health in the Netherlands. By screening the scientific literature, six example contaminants (3 chemical and 3 microbial) were selected as potential aquatic contaminants of concern to the quality of Dutch drinking water. Stakeholders from the Dutch water sector and various information sources were consulted to identify the potential sources of these contaminants. Based on these potential contamination sources, two sampling sequences were set up from contamination sources (municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants), via surface water used for the production of drinking water to treated drinking water. The chemical contaminants, mycophenolic acid, tetrabutylphosphonium compounds and Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid, were detected in low concentrations and were thus not expected to pose a risk to Dutch drinking water. Colistin resistant Escherichia coli was detected for the first time in Dutch wastewater not influenced by hospital wastewater, indicating circulation of bacteria resistant to this last-resort antibiotic in the open Dutch population. Four out of six contaminants were thus detected in surface or wastewater samples, which showed that screening the scientific literature to direct sampling campaigns for both microbial and chemical contaminants is effective for early warning purposes.
Julia Hartmann; Inge van Driezum; Dana Ohana; Gretta Lynch; Bjorn Berendsen; Susanne Wuijts; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ana Maria De Roda Husman. The effective design of sampling campaigns for emerging chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water and its resources based on literature mining. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 742, 140546 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartmann, Inge van Driezum, Dana Ohana, Gretta Lynch, Bjorn Berendsen, Susanne Wuijts, Jan Peter van der Hoek, Ana Maria De Roda Husman. The effective design of sampling campaigns for emerging chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water and its resources based on literature mining. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 742 ():140546.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartmann; Inge van Driezum; Dana Ohana; Gretta Lynch; Bjorn Berendsen; Susanne Wuijts; Jan Peter van der Hoek; Ana Maria De Roda Husman. 2020. "The effective design of sampling campaigns for emerging chemical and microbial contaminants in drinking water and its resources based on literature mining." Science of The Total Environment 742, no. : 140546.
Thermal energy recovery from drinking water has a high potential in the application of sustainable building and industrial cooling. However, drinking water and biofilm microbial qualities should be concerned because the elevated water temperature after cold recovery may influence the microbial activities in water and biofilm phases in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In this study, the effect of cold recovery on microbial qualities was investigated in a chlorinated DWDS. The chlorine decay was slight (1.1%–15.5%) due to a short contact time (~60 s) and was not affected by the cold recovery (p > 0.05). The concentrations of cellular ATP and intact cell numbers in the bulk water were partially inactivated by the residual chlorine, with the removal rates of 10.1%–16.2% and 22.4%–29.4%, respectively. The chlorine inactivation was probably promoted by heat exchangers but was not further enhanced by higher temperatures. The higher water temperature (25 °C) enhanced the growth of biofilm biomass on pipelines. Principle coordination analysis (PCoA) showed that the biofilms on the stainless steel plates of HEs and the plastic pipe inner surfaces had totally different community compositions. Elevated temperatures favored the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and Legionella spp. in the biofilm after cold recovery. The community functional predictions revealed more abundances of five human diseases (e.g. Staphylococcis aureus infection) and beta-lactam resistance pathways in the biofilms at higher temperature. Compared with a previous study with a non-chlorinated DWDS, chlorine dramatically reduced the biofilm biomass growth but raised the relative abundances of the chlorine-resistant genera (i.e. Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) in bacterial communities.
Xinyan Zhou; Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad; Jan Peter Van der Hoek; Kejia Zhang. Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics. Environmental Research 2020, 187, 109655 .
AMA StyleXinyan Zhou, Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad, Jan Peter Van der Hoek, Kejia Zhang. Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics. Environmental Research. 2020; 187 ():109655.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinyan Zhou; Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad; Jan Peter Van der Hoek; Kejia Zhang. 2020. "Thermal energy recovery from chlorinated drinking water distribution systems: Effect on chlorine and microbial water and biofilm characteristics." Environmental Research 187, no. : 109655.
Drinking water distribution networks (WDNs) are a crucial infrastructure for life in cities. Deterioration of this ageing, and partly hidden from view, infrastructure can result in losses due to leakage and an increased contamination risk. To counteract this, maintenance strategies are required to maintain the service level. Information on the most critical elements of a WDN, with respect to the functioning of the system as a whole, is essential for prioritising maintenance or rehabilitation activities. In this study a Graph theory based method is developed and applied for efficiently identifying the most critical elements. The main advantage of this method is that it avoids the need to perform elaborate hydrodynamic model calculations. Instead, the structure of the network is the main starting point. The results show that the structure of the network is more decisive than the hydraulics with respect to the criticality of the system’s performance as a whole. Results depict that the suggested approach is applicable not only to the main (primary) network, but also to the capillaries which are normally beyond the scope of the traditional methods applied so-far because of the complexity of the networks and the required calculation time.
Didrik Meijer; Johan Post; Jan Peter Van der Hoek; Hans Korving; Jeroen Langeveld; François Clemens. Identifying critical elements in drinking water distribution networks using graph theory. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 2020, 17, 347 -360.
AMA StyleDidrik Meijer, Johan Post, Jan Peter Van der Hoek, Hans Korving, Jeroen Langeveld, François Clemens. Identifying critical elements in drinking water distribution networks using graph theory. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2020; 17 (3):347-360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDidrik Meijer; Johan Post; Jan Peter Van der Hoek; Hans Korving; Jeroen Langeveld; François Clemens. 2020. "Identifying critical elements in drinking water distribution networks using graph theory." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 17, no. 3: 347-360.
Reducing water use could impact existing sewer systems but this is not currently well understood. This work describes a new flow and wastewater quality model developed to investigate this impact. SIMDEUM WW® was used to generate stochastic appliance-specific discharge profiles for wastewater flow and concentration, which were fed into InfoWorks® ICM to quantify the impacts within the sewer network. The model was validated using measured field data from a sewer system in Amsterdam serving 418 households. Wastewater concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TPH) were sampled on an hourly basis, for one week. The results obtained showed that the InfoWorks® model predicted the mass flow of pollutants well (R-values 0.69, 0.72 and 0.75 for COD, TKN and TPH respectively) but, due to the current lack of a time-varying solids transport model within InfoWorks®, the prediction for wastewater concentration parameters was less reliable. Still, the model was deemed capable of analysing the effects of three water conservation strategies (greywater reuse, rainwater harvesting and water-saving appliances) on flow, nutrient concentrations, and temperature in sewer networks. Results show through a 62% reduction in sewer flow, COD, TKN and TPH concentrations increased by up to 111%, 84% and 75% respectively, offering more favourable conditions for nutrient recovery.
Olivia Bailey; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek; Zoran Kapelan; Mirjam Blokker; Tom Arnot; Jan Hofman. A Stochastic Model to Predict Flow, Nutrient and Temperature Changes in a Sewer under Water Conservation Scenarios. Water 2020, 12, 1187 .
AMA StyleOlivia Bailey, Ljiljana Zlatanovic, Jan Peter Van Der Hoek, Zoran Kapelan, Mirjam Blokker, Tom Arnot, Jan Hofman. A Stochastic Model to Predict Flow, Nutrient and Temperature Changes in a Sewer under Water Conservation Scenarios. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlivia Bailey; Ljiljana Zlatanovic; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek; Zoran Kapelan; Mirjam Blokker; Tom Arnot; Jan Hofman. 2020. "A Stochastic Model to Predict Flow, Nutrient and Temperature Changes in a Sewer under Water Conservation Scenarios." Water 12, no. 4: 1187.
A novel effective drag relation for liquid-solid fluidisation is proposed, suitable for application in full-scale installations. This is achieved by presenting new insights related to the influence of the temporal-spatial heterogeneity on the effective hydrodynamic drag for large fluidised systems. While heterogeneous flow behaviour can be predicted increasingly accurately in CFD simulations that explicitly model the heterogeneous solids distribution, for the operation of many large-scale applications it is infeasible to perform such computationally intensive simulations. Therefore, there is a clear need for full-scale drag relations that effectively take into account the heterogeneous behaviour and irregular spatial particle distributions. Our new drag relation is based on a large set of experiments, which shows that the degree of overall expansion is not only dependent on the ratio of laminar-turbulent flow, but also on the amount of homogenous versus heterogeneous flow, which is not included in current full-scale drag relations. To include the effect of heterogeneity, the standard drag relation, based on the Reynolds number, is extended with a specific type of Froude number. Because fully turbulent flow regimes are rare in applications of liquid-solid fluidisation, our focus is not on the turbulent flow regime but instead on laminar and transitional flow regimes. In these regimes, three types of models are investigated. The first type is based on a theoretical similarity with terminal settling, the second is based on the semi-empirical Carman-Kozeny model, and the third is based on empirical equations using symbolic regression techniques. For all three types of models, coefficients are calibrated on experimental data with monodisperse and almost spherical glass beads. The models are validated with a series of calcium carbonate grains applied in drinking water treatment processes as well as data obtained from the literature. Using these models, we show that the voidage prediction average relative error decreases from approximately 5% (according to the best literature equations which use Reynolds number only) to 1–2% (using both Reynolds and Froude number). This implies that our new models are more suitable for operational control in full-scale fluidised bed applications, such as pellet softening in drinking water treatment processes.
O.J.I. Kramer; J.T. Padding; W.H. van Vugt; P.J. de Moel; E.T. Baars; E.S. Boek; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Improvement of voidage prediction in liquid-solid fluidized beds by inclusion of the Froude number in effective drag relations. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2020, 127, 103261 .
AMA StyleO.J.I. Kramer, J.T. Padding, W.H. van Vugt, P.J. de Moel, E.T. Baars, E.S. Boek, Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Improvement of voidage prediction in liquid-solid fluidized beds by inclusion of the Froude number in effective drag relations. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2020; 127 ():103261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO.J.I. Kramer; J.T. Padding; W.H. van Vugt; P.J. de Moel; E.T. Baars; E.S. Boek; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. 2020. "Improvement of voidage prediction in liquid-solid fluidized beds by inclusion of the Froude number in effective drag relations." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 127, no. : 103261.
Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are used to supply hygienically safe and biologically stable water for human consumption. The potential of thermal energy recovery from drinking water has been explored recently to provide cooling for buildings. Yet, the effects of increased water temperature induced by this “cold recovery” on the water quality in DWDSs are not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of cold recovery from DWDSs on the microbiological quality of drinking water. For this purpose, three pilot distribution systems were operated in parallel for 38 weeks. System 1 has an operational heat exchanger, mimicking the cold recovery system by maintaining the water temperature at 25 °C; system 2 operated with a non-operational heat exchanger and system 3 run without heat exchanger. The results showed no significant effects on drinking water quality: cell numbers and ATP concentrations remained around 3.5 × 105 cells/ml and 4 ng ATP/l, comparable observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (~470–490) and similar Shannon indices (7.7–8.9). In the system with cold recovery, a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. was observed in the drinking water microbial community, but only when the cold recovery induced temperature difference (ΔT) was higher than 9 °C. In the 38 weeks’ old biofilm, higher ATP concentration (475 vs. 89 pg/cm2), lower diversity (observed OTUs: 88 vs. ≥200) and a different bacterial community composition (e.g. higher relative abundance of Novosphingobium spp.) were detected, which did not influence water quality. No impacts were observed for the selected opportunisitic pathogens after introducing cold recovery. It is concluded that cold recovery does not affect bacterial water quality. Further investigation for a longer period is commended to understand the dynamic responses of biofilm to the increased temperature caused by cold recovery.
Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad; Gang Liu; Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen; Gertjan Medema; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Effects of cold recovery technology on the microbial drinking water quality in unchlorinated distribution systems. Environmental Research 2020, 183, 109175 .
AMA StyleJawairia Imtiaz Ahmad, Gang Liu, Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, Gertjan Medema, Jan Peter Van der Hoek. Effects of cold recovery technology on the microbial drinking water quality in unchlorinated distribution systems. Environmental Research. 2020; 183 ():109175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJawairia Imtiaz Ahmad; Gang Liu; Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen; Gertjan Medema; Jan Peter Van der Hoek. 2020. "Effects of cold recovery technology on the microbial drinking water quality in unchlorinated distribution systems." Environmental Research 183, no. : 109175.
Recovering resources from wastewater systems is increasingly being emphasised. Many technologies exist or are under development for recycling nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to agriculture. Planning and design methodologies are needed to identify and deploy the most sustainable solutions in given contexts. For the environmental sustainability dimension, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to assess environmental impact potentials of wastewater-based nutrient recycling alternatives, especially nitrogen and phosphorus recycling. This review aims to evaluate how well the LCA methodology has been adapted and applied for assessing opportunities of wastewater-based nutrient recycling in the form of monomineral, multimineral, nutrient solution and organic solid. We reviewed 65 LCA studies that considered nutrient recycling from wastewater for agricultural land application. We synthesised some of their insights and methodological practices, and discussed the future outlook of using LCA for wastewater-based nutrient recycling. In general, more studies suggested positive environmental outcomes from wastewater-based nutrient recycling, especially when chemical inputs are minimised, and source separation of human excreta is achieved. The review shows the need to improve methodological consistency (e.g., multifunctionality, fertiliser offset accounting, contaminant accounting), ensure transparency of inventory and methods, consider uncertainty in comparative LCA context, integrate up-to-date cross-disciplinary knowledge (e.g., agriculture science, soil science) into LCA models, and consider the localised impacts of recycled nutrient products. Many opportunities exist for applying LCA at various scales to support decisions on wastewater-based nutrient recycling – for instance, performing “product perspective” LCA on recycled nutrient products, integrating “process perspective” LCA with other systems approaches for selecting and optimising individual recovery processes, and assessing emerging nutrient recovery technologies and integrated resource recovery systems.
Ka Leung Lam; Ljiljana Zlatanović; Jan Peter van der Hoek. Life cycle assessment of nutrient recycling from wastewater: A critical review. Water Research 2020, 173, 115519 .
AMA StyleKa Leung Lam, Ljiljana Zlatanović, Jan Peter van der Hoek. Life cycle assessment of nutrient recycling from wastewater: A critical review. Water Research. 2020; 173 ():115519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKa Leung Lam; Ljiljana Zlatanović; Jan Peter van der Hoek. 2020. "Life cycle assessment of nutrient recycling from wastewater: A critical review." Water Research 173, no. : 115519.
Societal infrastructures are the lifeblood of societies, and the sustainability of infrastructures is very important. Societal infrastructures can experience conflicting spatial claims with other societal infrastructures, disturbing the sustainable situation. The objective of this paper is to design large infrastructures, with a focus on the Drinking Water Infrastructure (DWI), in a more sustainable way by using the resilience concept. To study this, a case study was done in the Netherlands, where an overlap is present between the DWI and the protection zones, and a new railroad and water safety measures in the river IJssel. The case showed that conflicting infrastructures are inflexible and unable to adapt to change due to several reasons in the governance and in the infrastructure system itself. The case was useful for identifying eight design principles to prevent conflicting claims between large infrastructures.
Ritsche Anne Kloosterman; Wijnand Veeneman; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. Sustainable Societal Infrastructures: A Resilient Approach to Prevent Conflicting Claims of Drinking Water and Other Infrastructures. Sustainability 2020, 12, 785 .
AMA StyleRitsche Anne Kloosterman, Wijnand Veeneman, Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. Sustainable Societal Infrastructures: A Resilient Approach to Prevent Conflicting Claims of Drinking Water and Other Infrastructures. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRitsche Anne Kloosterman; Wijnand Veeneman; Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. 2020. "Sustainable Societal Infrastructures: A Resilient Approach to Prevent Conflicting Claims of Drinking Water and Other Infrastructures." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 785.