Background/aim: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recently the incidence has been increasing faster compared to other malignancies. Different studies have shown that the incidence of breast cancer in patients followed due to thyroid cancer has increased, and vice versa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of second primary cancers in the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 1196 patients with thyroid cancer were evaluated in the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical School's Department of Endocrinology between 2004 and 2018. Demographic characteristics and radiological and pathological results of the patients were recorded. The presence of accompanying second malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer was investigated. Results: In our study, 985 (82.4%) women (mean age: 46.1 +/- 13.3 years) and 211 (17.6%) men (mean age: 49.9 +/- 14.2 years) were evaluated. The median follow-up was 63 months (2-164 months). Of the 1196 patients, 1126 (94.1%) had no additional cancer and 70 (5.9%) patients had a second malignancy. The accompanying second malignancies were breast cancer in 24 (2%) patients, skin cancer in 8 (0.7%) patients, renal cell cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, lung cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, colon cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, lymphoma in 5 (0.4%) patients, endometrial cancer in 4 (0.3%) patients, and 14 cases of other rare types of cancer. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the most common second primary malignancy in patients with thyroid cancer was breast cancer. However, other cancers (skin cancer, renal cell cancer, lymphoma, and colon, lung, or endometrial cancer) may occur in patients with thyroid cancer.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, with a generally favourable prognosis. However, a subset of PTC cases exhibit aggressive behaviour, including lymph node and distant organ metastases. Identifying biomarkers that can differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, as well as predict tumour aggressiveness, is crucial for improving diagnosis and management. CD105 (endoglin), a marker of neoangiogenesis, has shown promise in various solid tumours as a prognostic factor. Its role in PTC, particularly in distinguishing between metastatic and non‐metastatic cases, remains underexplored.Aims: To investigate the role of CD105 (endoglin) expression in the differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of patients with benign thyroid nodules, non‐metastatic PTC, and PTC with lymph node metastasis (LNM).Methods: Thyroid tissues from 148 patients were retrospectively analyzed for CD105 expression, including 49 with thyroid follicular nodular disease (TFND), 48 with PTC without LNM [LNM(−) PTC], and 51 with PTC and LNM [LNM(+) PTC]. Tissues were classified based on CD105 expression, and microvascular density (MVD) scores were calculated using the Weidner method in positive cases. Clinical and pathological features were compared across TFND, LNM(−), and LNM(+) groups.Results: The rates of CD105 expression significantly differed between the TFND, LNM(−) PTC, and LNM(+) PTC groups (8.2%, 64.6%, and 80.4%, respectively). The CD105 MVD score was significantly higher in the LNM(+) PTC, unifocal LNM(+) PTC, and multifocal LNM(+) PTC groups, in favour of metastasis (p < 0.001). CD105 expression was detected in all patients with distant organ metastasis, and these patients also exhibited significantly higher MVD scores (p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study supports the potential use of CD105 expression and its quantitative indicator, the CD105 MVD score, as biomarkers for distinguishing benign thyroid nodules from malignant ones and for evaluating the prognosis of PTC.

Purpose: Accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is of great importance to ensure targeted and effective surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In this context, parathyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) performed under ultrasound guidance plays a crucial role. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ultrasonographic features of parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid hormone washout (PTH-WO) values.Methods: Between January 2022 and August 2024, data from 128 parathyroid adenomas in 122 patients who were prepared for surgery due to PHPT and underwent ultrasound-guided FNAB along with PTH-WO testing were retrospectively evaluated. The obtained PTH-WO results were compared with B-mode and Doppler ultrasound findings.Results: In adenomas with a long axis greater than 10 mm and those containing cystic components, PTH-WO levels were found to be significantly higher (p = 0.005 and p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between PTH-WO levels and the short and long axis dimensions of the adenomas. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between PTH-WO levels and B-mode (grayscale) or Doppler (vascularity) ultrasound features.Conclusion: PTH-WO values vary according to the ultrasonographic dimensions of parathyroid adenomas and are measured at higher levels in cystic adenomas. Other ultrasonographic features do not significantly affect PTH-WO levels. Therefore, the size of the lesion should be taken into account when interpreting PTH-WO results.

Background/aim: Data on the presence and extent of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are conflicting. In our study, we aimed to investigate the increased CVD risk in patients with PHPT by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, and serum levels of endocan and nesfatin-1. Materials and methods: Patients with PHPT (n = 44) and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 40) were enrolled in this study. Demographic data of the participants were questioned. Serum endocan and nesfatin-1 concentrations were assessed using commercially available ELISA kits. Noninvasive measurements of CIMT and EAT thickness were made with high-resolution ultrasonography and B-mode echocardiography. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in serum endocan and nesfatin-1 levels and EAT thickness in the PHPT group compared to controls. CIMT was statistically significantly higher in the PHPT group compared to controls (p = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between PTH and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (p = 0.001) but no significant relationship was found between other parameters. Conclusion: We found that CIMT is increased in patients with PHPT and consequently, CVD risk is high in these patients. More comprehensive studies are needed to identify other markers that predict increased CVD risk in patients with PHPT.

Background/aim: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease that is diagnosed more frequently and generally in the asymptomatic period, with widely available biochemical tests. Evidence suggesting an association between PHPT and malignancy risk is increasing. Clarification of this association will be useful in PHPT for malignancy screening and management of patients with PHPT. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of cancer in PHPT patients. Materials and methods: A total of 775 PHPT patients were included in the retrospective study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Malignancy was detected in 128 (16.50%) of 775 PHPT patients (female/male: 625/150). The mean age at diagnosis of PHPT was 57.99 +/- 10.86 years, and the mean age at diagnosis of malignancy was 57.46 +/- 11.17 years. Of the 128 patients with malignancy, 53 (41.40%) were diagnosed in the same year as PHPT. In terms of malignancy types, 51 (6.50%) of 775 PHPT patients had thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer was followed by breast cancer (2.30%) and stomach cancer (1%) in order of frequency. Conclusion: We think that PHPT patients should be examined more carefully in terms of cancer risk, especially thyroid cancer. More comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the relationship between PHPT and cancer.