Erosion is a significant environmental challenge in Serbia, shaped by natural and human factors. Pronounced relief, fragile geological substrate, a developed hydrographic network, and a climate characterized by an uneven distribution of precipitation throughout the year make this area prone to activating erosion processes and flash floods whenever there is a significant disruption in ecological balance, whether due to the removal of vegetation cover or inadequate land use. Researchers have recorded approximately 11,500 torrents in Serbia, most of which were activated during the 19th century, a period of significant social and political change, as well as intensive deforestation and the irrational exploitation of natural resources. By the mid-19th century, the effects of land degradation were impossible to ignore. As the adequate assessment of soil erosion intensity is the initial step in developing a prevention and protection strategy and the type and scope of anti-erosion works and measures, this article presents the path that the anti-erosion field in Serbia has taken from the initial observations of erosion processes through the first attempts to create the Barren Land Cadastre and Torrent Cadastre to the creation of the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) and its modification by Dr. Lazarević that resulted in the creation of the first Erosion Map of SR Serbia in 1971 (published in 1983). In 2020, a new Erosion Map of Serbia was created with the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and based on the original method by Professor Slobodan Gavrilović—the EPM—without the modifications introduced by Lazarević. We compared the 1983 and 2020 erosion maps in a GIS environment, where the change in soil erosion categories was analyzed using a confusion matrix. The updated erosion maps mirror the shift in methodology from a traditional approach (Lazarević’s modification) to the modern GIS-based method (Gavrilović’s original EPM) and reflect technological improvements and changes in land use, conservation practices, and environmental awareness.

Scientific - technological development accompanied by population growth "surprised" nature and led to the accelerated development of degradation processes that nature cannot cope with on its own. The greatest consequences were felt by the basic natural factors: water, air and soil. The threat to drinking water supplies, global climate change and the development of erosion processes are becoming more intense and need to be stopped as soon as possible. Erosion as a process of removal of surface parts of the soil is a natural phenomenon, but additionally intensified by anthropogenic influence, it can be destructive. Addressing erosion problems should be comprehensive and involve a large number of experts from different fields. In this paper, the hydrological and psamological analysis refers to the Ovčinjska river basin, a right tributary of the Drina, on which no analyzes have been performed so far and which has endangered the local population in recent years by overflow and erosion processes in the basin. Psamological analysis and erosion coefficient were determined by the Erosion Potential Method which showed that erosion in the basin is weak. Maximum daily rains were determined through the theoretical distribution of "Gumbel" and "Log Pearson Type III" where it was determined that in both cases the maximum daily rain does not exceed 120 mm for a return period of 100 years. The maximum flow was determined by a combined method for return periods of 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, for average and above-average humidity conditions.

During the construction of the regulation of a watercourse, a large number of unexpected events can occur and increase the risk associated with the project hindering its successful realization. Risk events can result in breaking deadlines, increasing costs, reducing quality, etc. This paper analyzes the risk in the implementation of the Medalj stream regulation project, using the appropriate method that gives the best results for each phase of the risk analysis. Thus, the HAZOP method was used to identify risk events, the risk matrix to define the level of risk, the FMEA method to propose actions to reduce the possibility of risk event occurrence, the Fault tree method to determine the cause of risk event occurrence and the Event tree method to determine possible outcomes of risk events. The obtained results showed that the key risk event was ?Only a part of the planned soil excavated?, so the paper will present the results related to earthworks, although the analysis referred to the entire project.

Erosion is a significant environmental challenge in Serbia, shaped by natural and human factors. Pronounced relief, fragile geological substrate, a developed hydrographic network, and a cli-mate characterized by uneven distribution of precipitation throughout the year, make this area prone to activating erosion processes and flash floods whenever there is a significant disruption in ecological balance, whether due to the removal of vegetation cover or inadequate land use. Researchers have recorded approximately 11,500 torrents in Serbia, most of which were activat-ed during the 19th century, a period of significant social and political change, as well as inten-sive deforestation and irrational exploitation of natural resources. By the mid-19th century, the effects of land degradation were impossible to ignore. As the adequate assessment of soil ero-sion intensity is the initial step in developing a prevention and protection strategy and the type and scope of anti-erosion works and measures, this article presents the path that the anti-erosion field in Serbia has taken, from the initial observations of erosion processes through the first at-tempts to create the Barren Land Cadastre and Torrent Cadaster to the creation of Erosion Poten-tial Method (EPM), the first Erosion Map of SR Serbia in 1971 and the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies in the XXI century.