The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological efficiency of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by analyzing their adoption of green human resource management practices (GHRMPs), green intellectual capital (GIC), and green innovation (GIN). The study was carried out on a representative sample of 367 manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan, and data were gathered using a particular survey questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in SmartPLS4. This research indicates that the adoption of GHRMPs significantly impacts environmental performance (EP), GIC, and GIN. Additionally, the study found that the correlation among GHRMPs is positively mediated by GIC and GIN. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by investigating EP based on the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Theory (AMO) through empirical evidence on hypothesized relationships. The paper provides a valuable understanding and novel approach for managers of SMEs in developing countries to improve their EP through the adoption of GHRMP, GIC, and GIN.

The basic purpose of this study is to explore the different factors adopted to minimize pollution in manufacturing firms in Pakistan. For this purpose, a survey method was applied to collect data from manufacturing firms in Pakistan. A well-structured questionnaire was developed and distributed to different manufacturing firms to get their opinion on pollution emissions. Results of the study show that various factors used in this study, i.e., effectiveness, quality management system, market scope, and recycling, are very much crucial for pollution emission. This study is helpful for managing manufacturing firms to minimize pollution and comply with government policies.

In the present world, environmental concerns are increasing with time. The primary source of air pollution is manufacturing industries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implications of energy management practices to reduce carbon emissions. Data were collected from manufacturing firms with the help of a structured questionnaire. Results of the study show that energy management practices significantly impact reducing carbon emissions. The findings of this study will help the managers and higher authorities of manufacturing firms to implement energy management practices so that they may inline their environmental policies with the government agencies.