Background/Objectives: Early detection of increased vascular stiffness in young populations may facilitate the development of more effective strategies for the primary prevention of arterial hypertension and other age-related cardiovascular diseases. To examine gender differences in orthostatic increases in vascular stiffness during the head-up tilt test (HUTT), standardized by hydrostatic column height. Materials and Methods: A total of 133 healthy adults aged 18–20 years (93 females and 40 males) were evaluated. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity at the brachial–ankle artery site (baPWV) were measured using an ABI system 100 PWV multichannel sphygmomanometer. Orthostatic changes in arterial stiffness were assessed during a head-up tilt test (HUTT) using the Luanda protocol, which standardizes hydrostatic column height. The functional reserve coefficient (FRC) of orthostatic circulatory regulation was introduced as a measure of adaptive capacity: FRC = ΔbaPWV/baPWVb. This coefficient accounts for both structural (baPWVb) and functional (ΔbaPWV = baPWVt − baPWVb) components influencing cardiovascular system adaptation, which exhibit multidirectional changes with age. Results: Baseline baPWV (baPWVb) values in the horizontal position showed no significant differences between genders and were within normal age ranges. However, baPWV values in the upright HUTT position (baPWVt) were significantly higher in men (p = 0.0007). Dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, including ΔbaPWV and FRC, were also significantly elevated in men (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0064, respectively). Conclusions: While baseline baPWVb values were comparable between genders, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, such as ΔbaPWV and FRC, were significantly higher in men. Prospective studies are needed to establish optimal reference values for these dynamic biomarkers, enabling the assessment of individual trends in vascular aging and evaluating the effects of treatment, lifestyle modifications, and other preventive measures on vascular health.

Особенности состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких по результатам контурного анализа пульсовой волны

Early detection of signs of the vascular stiffness increasing in a young population may contribute to the development of more effective strategies for the primary prevention of arterial hypertension and other age-related cardiovascular diseases. Aim of the study: To investigate gender differences in orthostatic increase in vascular stiffness during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) standardized by hydrostatic column height. Materials and Methods: 133 healthy adults aged 18-20 years (93 females, 40 males) were examined. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity at the brachial-ankle artery site (baPWV) were measured. An orthostatic increase in arterial stiffness was assessed during the passive orthostatic test (HUTT) using the Luanda protocol to standardize the height of the hydrostatic column. The functional reserve coefficient (FRC) of orthostatic circulatory regulation was proposed to assess the adaptive capacity: FRC = ΔbaPWV / baPWVb. This coefficient includes structural (baPWVb) and functional (ΔbaPWV = baPWVt - baPWVb) components affecting cardiovascular adaptation, which change multidirectionally with age. Results: Baseline values of baPWV (baPWVb) in the horizontal position did not differ significantly between groups and were within normal age ranges. However, baPWV values in the HUTT position (baPWVt) were significantly higher in men (p = 0.0007). In addition, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve, including ΔbaPWV and FRC, were also significantly higher in men (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0064, respectively). Conclusions: While baseline baPWVb values were comparable between genders, dynamic biomarkers of vascular reserve such as ΔbaPWV and FRC were significantly higher in men. Prospective studies are needed to establish optimal reference values for these dynamic biomarkers, to assess individual trends in vascular aging and the impact of treatment, lifestyle modification and other preventive measures on vascular health.

Background . The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) index is commonly used as an indicator of arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure (BP) at the time of the measurement. Russian developers proposed the START (STiffness of ARTeries) arterial stiffness index that can be calculated online based on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and BP. Objective . To analyze the relationship of START and CAVI indices with anthropometric data, BP and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design and methods . Seventy-two COPD patients underwent volume sphymography to determine CAVI, cardio-ankle PWV (haPWV) and BP, then cardio-ankle START index (haSTART) was calculated. Spirometry and bodyplethysmography were performed to assess pulmonary function disorders. Statistical data processing was performed by the means of partial and intraclass correlation analysis, regression models were constructed for both indices of arterial stiffness. Results . Strong correlation was found between CAVI and haSTART indices (r = 0,97, p < 0,001). Intraclass correlation between haSTART and CAVI indices was 0,848 (95 % CI 0,756-0,905). Significant positive partial cor relation of CAVI and haSTART indices with age (r _p = 0,34, p = 0,005 and r _p = 0,32, p = 0,007, respectively) and with mean BP (BPmean) (r _p = 0,46, p < 0,001 and r _p = 0,48, p < 0,001, respectively) was observed. Both CAVI and haSTART were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r _p = –0,38, p = 0,001 and r _p = −0,31, p = 0,010, respectively). Statistically significant partial correlation was found between both arterial stiffness indices and pulmonary ventilation parameters. The strongest correlation was observed between both CAVI and haSTART indices and residual volume (r _p = 0,48, p < 0,001 and r _p = 0,49, p < 0,001, respectively). Based on the results of regression analysis, the following models were constructed: CAVI = 1,530 + 0,062 × AGE – 0,084 × BMI + 0,041 × BPmean + 0,009 × RV, F = 13,94, p < 0,001, R ² = 0,45 and haSTART = –8,122 + 0,135 × AGE – 0,149 × BMI + 0,095 × BPmean + 0,021 × RV, F = 12,57, p < 0,001, R ² = 0,43. Conclusion . Both haSTART and CAVI indices can be used to assess arterial stiffness in patients with COPD. Both indices have similar correlation patterns with age, mean BP, BMI and with the parameters of pulmonary ventilation. Strong correlation between CAVI and haSTART indices and high consistency between both indices indicates the similarity of the results of PWV corrected by BP level.

Background/Objectives: Functional biomarkers of vascular stiffness (FBM-VS) may serve as an effective tool for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of preventive strategies against accelerated vascular ageing in healthy populations within the framework of P4 medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of a standardized to hydrostatic column height passive head-up tilt test (stHUTT) and a simplified supine-to-sitting test (SST) for measuring FBM-VS in a paired sample of young healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 95 healthy adults aged 18–20 years (54 women and 41 men). Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured in three positions: baseline supine position (baPWV_b), during stHUTT (baPWV_st), and after transitioning to a sitting position (baPWV_sit). The functional reserve of orthostatic circulatory regulation (FR) and the functional reserve coefficient (FRC) were calculated for the stHUTT (FR_st and FRC_st) and during the supine-to-sitting test (FR_sit and FRC_sit). Results: The results showed unidirectional orthostatic changes in baPWV during both tests (significant increase compared to baseline supine values): baPWV_st and baPWV_sit in stHUTT and during the SST increased from 8.6 [8.1; 9.1] m/s to 13.4 [12.1; 14.4] m/s and to 15.2 [13.4; 16.1] m/s (p < 0.001), respectively. FBM-VS values in the SST were higher compared to stHUTT: FR_sit = 6.4 [5.25; 7.75] m/s vs. FR_st = 4.85 [3.7; 5.75] m/s (p < 0.001), and FRC_sit = 0.74 [0.59;0.9] vs. FRC_st = 0.55 [0.45; 0.68] (p < 0.001). The variance of these parameters was also significantly higher in the SST. Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between biomarkers measured during both orthostatic tests. Conclusions: The supine-to-sitting test may be used for the personalized quantitative assessment of FBM-VS in healthy populations. To assess their prognostic value and to provide personalized long-term monitoring to control the effectiveness of preventive measures against vascular ageing in healthy individuals, a prospective cohort study is required.

Background/Objectives: Functional biomarkers of vascular stiffness (FBM-VS) may serve as an effective tool for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of preventive strategies against accelerated vascular ageing in healthy populations within the framework of P4 medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of a standardized to hydrostatic column height passive head-up tilt test (stHUTT) and a simplified supine-to-sitting test (SST) for measuring FBM-VS in a paired sample of young healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 95 healthy adults aged 18–20 years (54 women and 41 men). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured in three positions: baseline supine position (baPWVb), during stHUTT (baPWVst), and after transitioning to a sitting position (baPWVsit). The functional reserve of orthostatic circulatory regulation (FR) and the functional reserve coefficient (FRC) were calculated for the stHUTT (FRst and FRCst) and during the supine-to-sitting test (FRsit and FRCsit). Results: The results showed unidirectional orthostatic changes in baPWV during both tests (significant increase compared to baseline supine values): baPWVst and baPWVsit in stHUTT and during the SST increased from 8.6 [8.1; 9.1] m/s to 13.4 [12.1; 14.4] m/s and to 15.2 [13.4; 16.1] m/s (p < 0.001), respectively. FBM-VS values in the SST were higher compared to stHUTT: FRsit = 6.4 [5.25; 7.75] m/s vs. FRst = 4.85 [3.7; 5.75] m/s (p < 0.001), and FRCsit = 0.74 [0.59; 0.9] vs. FRCst = 0.55 [0.45; 0.68] (p < 0.001). The variance of these parameters was also significantly higher in the SST. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the values of functional biomarkers measured in both orthostatic tests. Conclusions: The supine-to-sitting test may be used for the personalized diagnostic assessment of functional biomarkers in healthy populations. To assess their prognostic value and to provide personalized long-term monitoring to control the effectiveness of preventive measures against vascular ageing in healthy individuals within the framework of the P4 medicine, a prospective cohort study is required.