This study investigates the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of three radish cultivars: KR 391, KR CheongHong, and KR 407, named RL1, RL2, and RL3, respectively, using UPLC–Orbitrap–MS to profile the secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites were characterized to provide a comprehensive overview of their diversity and bioactivity. Multivariate analysis revealed cultivar-specific variations in metabolite profiles and tentatively identified 22 metabolites, which include 17 flavonoids and five phenolics. The extracts of the radish cultivars were tested for their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity measured with a DPPH assay, and anti-inflammatory activity measured by NO production. The findings highlight the pharmaceutical potential of radish aerial parts and provide insights into the relationship between metabolite composition and biological activity, contributing to their value in health-promoting applications.

Obesity is primarily exacerbated by excessive lipid accumulation during adipogenesis, with triacylglycerol (TG) as a major lipid marker. However, as the association between numerous lipid markers and various health conditions has recently been revealed, investigating the lipid metabolism in detail has become necessary. This study investigates the lipid metabolic effects of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. hot water leaf extract (WHS) on adipogenesis using LC-MS-based lipidomics analysis of undifferentiated, differentiated, and WHS-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. WHS treatment effectively suppressed the elevation of glycerolipids, including TG and DG, and prevented a molecular shift in fatty acyl composition towards long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. This shift also impacted glycerophospholipid metabolism. Additionally, WHS stabilized significant lipid markers such as the PC/PE and LPC/PE ratios, SM, and Cer, which are associated with obesity and related comorbidities. This study suggests that WHS could reduce obesity-related risk factors by regulating lipid markers during adipogenesis. This study is the first to assess the underlying lipidomic mechanisms of the adipogenesis-inhibitory effect of WHS, highlighting its potential in developing natural products for treating obesity and related conditions. Our study provides a new strategy for the development of natural products for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.