Parthanatos, a novel form of programmed cell death mediated by PARP1 and driven by DNA damage, has not been comprehensively characterized in breast cancer (BC). Given the widespread clinical use of PARP1 inhibitors for treating BRCA-mutant breast cancers, understanding the role of parthanatos is crucial. In this study, we systematically analyzed the role and clinical significance of parthanatos in BC by integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data. Our analysis revealed significant differential expression of parthanatos-related genes between BC and normal breast tissues, with frequent copy number variations (CNVs) affecting gene expression. At the single-cell level, parthanatos-related genes were primarily expressed in breast cancer cells and macrophages, and genomic instability scores were positively correlated with parthanatos pathway scores. Unsupervised clustering identified two BC subtypes based on parthanatos-related gene expression: C1 (parthanatos-high) and C2 (parthanatos-low). C1 exhibited a poorer prognosis, reduced immune infiltration, and potential resistance to PARP inhibitors compared to C2. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of parthanatos in BC, offering insights into its role in tumor progression and highlighting its potential link to PARP inhibitor resistance and poor clinical outcomes.

This review aims to summarize the evolution of surgical techniques for periacetabular metastatic cancer, assess their strengths and limitations, and clarify the corresponding indications. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on periacetabular metastatic cancer, summarizing surgical techniques involving both open and minimally invasive approaches. Additionally, we evaluated the indications for different minimally invasive techniques and proposed potential combinations of these techniques. Our review underscores the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, including reduced surgical trauma, improved patient mobility, lower complication rates, and expedited recovery times, facilitating earlier initiation of systemic cancer therapies. These techniques show substantial potential for broader application in the future. Despite the historical reliance on open surgery as the standard treatment, minimally invasive approaches are emerging as a promising alternative, particularly for managing osteolytic metastases around the acetabulum. This review provides insights into the optimal integration of these techniques, aiming to support evidence-based clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

Venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is a clinically important manifestation of malignancy that creates diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges. Evidence is highly uneven across tumor types: renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma account for much of the available clinical experience, whereas data for rarer tumors, including sarcomas, remain limited. This narrative review was based on a structured PubMed search supplemented by relevant publications identified through reference checking and subsequent topic-specific reading. We review the incidence, imaging evaluation, surgical and non-surgical management, and prognosis of VTT across major malignancies. Although several considerations are shared across tumor types, including assessment of thrombus extent, venous wall involvement, venous patency, collateral circulation, resectability, and systemic disease status, their clinical implications differ according to the underlying malignancy. In particular, treatment strategies established in well-studied tumors should not be directly extrapolated to rarer malignancies with different tumor biology, treatment sensitivity, and patterns of disease progression. A cross-tumor approach may therefore be most useful for defining common questions in VTT assessment and multidisciplinary planning, while treatment decisions remain tumor-specific. Future progress will require standardized reporting, multicenter collaboration, and better integration of emerging systemic therapies into multidisciplinary care.

Background/Objectives: Osteosarcoma exhibits bimodal age distribution with distinct clinical behaviors between pediatric and adult patients. Despite genomic evidence supporting age-related molecular heterogeneity, systematic transcriptomic characterization remains lacking. This study aimed to delineate age-associated transcriptional differences and develop a pediatric-specific prognostic signature. Methods: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on tumor specimens from 70 osteosarcoma patients stratified into pediatric (≤14 years, n = 37), adolescent (15–18 years, n = 22), and adult (≥19 years, n = 11) groups. Differential expression, functional enrichment, and immune infiltration analyses were conducted. A pediatric-specific signature was validated in the TARGET-OS cohort (n = 87). Results: Pediatric osteosarcoma exhibited a hyperproliferative phenotype, enriched in E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, and DNA replication pathways. Adolescent tumors showed heightened immune–inflammatory signatures, while adult tumors activated osteogenic differentiation programs. Regarding the immune microenvironment, only adolescent tumors demonstrated active immune infiltration; pediatric and adult groups exhibited immunologically “cold” features. We identified a 10-gene pediatric-specific transcriptomic signature that declined with increasing age. High signature scores were significantly associated with inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–26.2, p = 0.01) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2, p = 0.03). These findings showed concordant trends in the independent TARGET-OS cohort. Conclusions: Pediatric, adolescent, and adult osteosarcoma harbor distinct transcriptional profiles representing biologically different disease entities. The pediatric-specific 10-gene signature may serve as a clinically actionable biomarker for risk stratification and guide age-adapted therapeutic strategies.