Objectives: The aim of this project was to improve compliance with evidence-based criteria regarding risk of delirium and the assessment of delirium among older patients in the general hospitalization wards and the emergency department. Introduction: More than 50% of older hospitalized patients experience delirium. Some studies have highlighted the need to implement an orientation protocol in the emergency department and to continue this in the general wards, with the aim of decreasing the delirium rate among older patients admitted to hospital. Methods: The project followed the JBI evidence implementation framework. We conducted a baseline audit, a half-way audit, and final audit of 50 patients at risk of delirium admitted to the emergency department and the general wards, respectively. The audits measured compliance with eight criteria informed by the available evidence. Results: In the final audit, three of the eight criteria achieved more than 50% compliance in the general wards: pressure injury screening (96%); monitoring changes (74%); and performing interventions (76%). In the emergency department, worse results were reported because of the service conditions. The exception was the criterion on the training of nurses on the topic, with 98%. The integration of a tool to screen for delirium in older patients in the hospital's electronic clinical history records increased the percentage of compliance with audit criteria regarding the use of the scale and delirium detection (rising from 0% to 32% in the final audit in the general wards). Conclusion: Through the implementation of this project, validated and evidence-based evaluation will ensure that nurses are supported through appropriate measures to reduce patient confusion and aggression resulting from delirium.

Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, caused by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp., are parasitic infections transmitted through faecal–oral routes or contaminated water. Although less common in Spain compared to developing countries, they pose a public health concern, particularly for vulnerable groups like children and immunocompromised individuals. This study aims to analyse the cases reported to the Microbiological Information System (MIS) in children between 2012 and 2021, as well as their distribution across sociodemographic variables. Proportions and infectivity rates were determined for epidemiological and sociodemographic data, and the incidence rate for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was calculated annually and by health sector. The variables analysed included sex, age, health sector and weather. For both diseases, there was a significant decrease in the number of cases in 2020, suggesting the importance of person-to-person transmission. Children were infected by Giardia in significantly higher proportion (p < 0.001), being the majority in age groups 5–14 years, while the proportion of boys and girls infected by Cryptosporidium was almost identical (1.4% vs. 1.3%), in children aged 2–4 years. Periodically there was a significant increase in cases of cryptosporidiosis, apparently related to the presence of torrential rains. Transmission is related to increased temperature and rainfall. Person-to-person transmission in the paediatric population needs further investigation. This study provides the foundation for future research on the evolution of cases of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Spanish children. The data emphasise the need for informational campaigns on hygienic measures and efforts by public health authorities to maintain water resources in optimal condition to prevent parasite spread.

Background/Objectives: Mental disorders represent a major public health challenge, particularly in ageing populations. This study aimed to analyse the incidence of mental disorders requiring hospital admission in Aragón (Spain), compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adults aged ≥65 years with the overall adult population, and evaluate temporal and geographical variations in incidence. Methods: A retrospective population-based study included all incident cases of mental disorders requiring hospital admission in Aragón between 2021 and 2024. Data from the Aragón Healthcare Big Data Platform (BIGAN) were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and Poisson regression. Results: A total of 3057 incident cases were identified. The average annual incidence was 57.12 per 100,000 inhabitants in the overall adult population and 51.70 per 100,000 among adults aged ≥65 years. Older adults were more frequently women and showed higher rates of disability, polypharmacy, mood disorders (F3), and organic mental disorders (F0), whereas schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F2) and readmissions were less frequent. Organic mental disorders (OR = 12.28), mood disorders (OR = 2.50), disability (OR = 3.50), and polypharmacy (OR = 6.88) were independently associated with older age. Incidence remained relatively stable but showed geographical variation, with higher rates among older adults concentrated in predominantly mountainous counties. Conclusions: Adults aged ≥65 years showed an average annual incidence comparable to the overall adult population but exhibited a distinct clinical and geographical profile. These findings support integrated, age-sensitive, and territorially adapted mental healthcare strategies for ageing populations.

Acute confusional syndrome (ACS) is one of the complications with the highest morbidity and mortality in hospitalization units, but it is a reversible situation if detected early, representing a clear challenge for nursing. The objectives of this study were to assess the interventions carried out by nurses for the identification and non-pharmacological preventive measures applied in acute confusional syndrome and relate them to the years of professional experience and training received. A quasi-experimental, prospective and analytical study was carried out through a self-administered structured questionnaire pre-post intervention (extracted from the JBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) on the identification and preventive measures applied in ACS. A total of 520 questionnaires (pre and post assessment) were distributed to nurses from the emergency department and the internal medicine unit of the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain) from January 2021 to April 2022. Statistical analysis carried out with the program Jamovi®2.3.13. 180 correctly completed questionnaires (94 pre and 86 post) were received. For 100%, the ACS supposed an extra workload and significant differences were found between the ability to manage ACS with the years of professional experience (p≤0.028). 97.2% of the nurses applied non-pharmacological interventions. Despite being perceived as an extra burden in daily work, nurses perform non-pharmacological prevention for the management of ACS. It is necessary to improve training to provide guidance strategies.