Allochrusa gypsophiloides is a rare Central Asian species, a super-producer of triterpene saponins with pharmacological and technical value. In this work, a comparative evaluation of the in vitro culture of adventitious roots (ARs), in vitro adventitious microshoots (ASs), natural roots and aboveground parts of wild plants from Kazakhstan to define the total saponin (TS), phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) content, as well as antioxidant (AOA) and antimicrobial activity, is presented for the first time. In the AR culture, growth index (GI), TS, TP and TF were evaluated on days 25, 45 and 60 of cultivation on ½ MS medium without (control) and with auxin application. It was found out that TS and TF were higher in the in vitro AR culture. The amount of TP and TF are higher in the aerial part of vegetative plants with maximum AOA. The concentration of the extract required to inhibit 50% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical formation (ICO₅₀) in extracts from natural material negatively correlated with TS, TP, TF and in the in vitro AR culture with TF. Control extracts from the in vitro AR culture with high TS levels showed growth-inhibitory activity against S. thermophillus, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. The influence shares of medium composition factor, cultivation duration factor and their interaction with GI, TS, TP and TF were determined. The in vitro AR culture is promising for obtaining triterpene saponins TSR with high antibacterial and antifungal activity, and the in vitro ASs culture—for shoot multiplication with antioxidant properties.

Background/Objectives: pentane polyene antibiotic Roseofungin produced by actinomycetes possessing wide range of antimicrobial activity. Methods: The structure of novel polyene antibiotic Roseofungin was confirmed through FTIR, H¹ nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a mass detector. The substance pharmaco-technological parameters were evaluated. Additionally, the in silico modelling of various physicochemical parameters and biological activities was performed using validated open-access software tools such as ProTox3, SwissADME, and ADMET SAR1. The evaluation of its toxicological profile was also investigated in vivo. Results: The Roseofungin exhibits potential risks in certain categories, including immunotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, and nephrotoxicity, as predicted in silico. However, Roseofungin shows a relatively safe profile with regard to hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and mutagenicity, along with lower risks of carcinogenicity and cytotoxicity in silico. The analysis of body weight dynamics after Roseofungin exposure in mice revealed no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. Similarly, in the absolute or relative weights of internal organs across the experimental groups after Roseofungin treatment, no significant differences were observed in vivo. Roseofungin appears as a light-yellow hygroscopic powder with a specific odour, possessing the ability to settle and classified as a light powder. The particles are lamellar crystals ranging in size from 3 μm to 6 μm, and the molecules generate electrostatic tension between themselves. The pharmaco-technological parameters of Roseofungin were comprehensively studied. Conclusions: The experimental data obtained provide a foundation for further pharmaceutical development of new drugs containing the original Roseofungin.

В статье представлены результаты скрининга коллекционных культур дрожжей на антагонистическую активность против возбудителя бактериального ожога Erwinia amylovora. Из 36 исследованных штаммов дрожжей 4 культуры обладали ингибирующей активностью. К ним относятся: Torulopsis kefir var kumis №114 3, Kluyveromyces marxianus19, Torulopsis sphaerica№117, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 комплекс №20. Зоны подавления роста патогена у них составляли 22, 23,5, 22,5 и 26 мм, соответственно. Наибольшая антагонистическая активность была у штамма дрожжей Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 комплекс №20. Анализ компонентного состава 4 дрожжевых культур (Torulopsis kefyr var.kumis №114 3, Kluyveromyces marxianus19, Torulopsis sphaerica№117, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 комплекс №20) показал, что у культур Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 комплекс №20 и Torulopsis sphaerica№117 выявлено 13 химических соединений, из которых основное соединение - фенилэтиловый спирт. Его процентное содержание составляет 43,1%. У культуры Torulopsis kefyr var.kumis №114 3 обнаружено 12 химических веществ, из которых основное соединение - изоамиловый спирт - 15,7%. А у культуры Kluyveromyces marxianus 19 10 соединений, основное из которых этилацетат – 12,24%. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что исследованные дрожжевые культуры представляют интерес для дальнейшего изучения их как агентов биоконтроля возбудителя бактериального ожога E. аmylovorа. The article presents the results of screening of collection yeast cultures for antagonistic activity against the causative agent of bacterial burn Erwinia amylovora. Of the 36 yeast strains studied, only 4 cultures had inhibitory activity. These are Torulopsis kefir var kumis №114 3, Kluyveromyces marxianus 19, Torulopsis sphaerica№117, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini)2 complex №20. Their pathogen growth suppression zones were (22, 23.5, 22.5 and 26 mm), respectively. The greatest antagonistic activity was in the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini)2 complex №20. The analysis of the component composition of 4 yeast cultures (Torulopsis kefyr var.kumis №114 3, Kluyveromyces marxianus 19, Torulopsis sphaerica №117, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 complex №20) showed that 13 chemical compounds were detected in cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vini) 2 complex №20 and Torulopsis sphaerica №117, of which the main compound is Phenylethyl alcohol. Their percentage is 43.1%, respectively. The culture of Torulopsis kefyr var.kumis №114 has 12 chemical compounds, of which the main compound is 1-Butanol, 3-methyl - 15.7%.And the Kluyveromyces marxianus culture has 19 10 compounds, the main compound Ethyl Acetate is 12.24%. The data obtained indicate that the studied yeast cultures are of interest for further study of them as agents of biocontrol against the causative agent of bacterial burn E. amylovora.

Soil-borne fungal pathogens significantly limit wheat production in Kazakhstan, particularly Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. 1881 and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, 1959, which cause root rot and early seedling decline. This study aimed to isolate and characterize indigenous rhizosphere antagonists with biocontrol potential against these pathogens and to evaluate their effects on wheat seed germination and early growth. More than 20 microbial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of winter wheat. Two active antagonistic strains were selected by dual-culture assays: Bacillus sp. NK1 and Trichoderma harzianum S1. Inhibition zones against F. solani reached 23.75 ± 0.67 mm for NK1 and 32.89 ± 0.67 mm for S1. Cell-free culture supernatants significantly reduced mycelial growth and completely inhibited spore germination. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA sequencing and TEF-1α/RPB2 analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of both isolates. Seed treatment significantly improved germination (88%), root length, shoot length, and seedling vigor compared with untreated controls (P < 0.01). In pot experiments, both strains promoted biomass accumulation and improved seedling growth under pathogen pressure, with the Bacillus strain showing the strongest growth-promoting effect. Combined inoculation did not result in a synergistic response. These findings highlight the potential of indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms as biological control agents for the management of wheat root rot pathogens.

The relationship between root morphometry, growth stages, and total saponin content (TS) by a vanillin-sulfuric acid method in the wild-growing Gypsophila paniculata (n 43), G. perfoliata (n 35), and Acanthophyllum pungens (n 47) from southeastern Kazakhstan was studied and a preliminary assessment of their inhibitory activity against Bacillus sp., Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium sp., Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus niger was conducted by the disk-diffusion method. ANOVA and correlation analysis of root parameters and TS content during the vegetation revealed: G. perfoliata exhibited consistent TS level and similar root indices during all phases; G. paniculata showed maximum TS at the flowering coinciding with minimal root diameter values; A. pungens—high TS accumulation and high root growth indices at the end of the vegetation. The differences among species indicate varying root growth dynamics during the growing season, which influence the TS accumulation. The variability in morphometry and TS at separately phase of growth may be associated with intrapopulation heterogeneity. The antibacterial activity of the extracts (10:1) varied depending on the target bacterial species and the extract dose. Gypsophila extracts did not differ in their activity against G+ Bacillus sp., G– Er. amylovora, and Fusarium sp. The A. pungens activity range additionally included G-Agrobacterium sp. and Aspergillus niger. These results may serve as a basis for further study of these species as promising sources of saponins with antimicrobial activity.

The article presents the results of studying the antagonistic activity of various combinations of lactic acid bacteria strains against the causative agent of bacterial fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, cultivated on different nutrient media. It was found that lactobacillus strains exhibit varying degrees of inhibition. The zones of pathogen growth suppression ranged from 21.7±20.81 to 30.7±2.0 mm depending on the nutrient medium used for cultivation. It was shown that when the tested lactobacillus strains were applied individually and in various combinations, the suppression of pathogen growth remained almost at the same level. The maximum antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria was established against Erwinia amylovora strains grown on PGA nutrient medium. В статье представлены результаты изучения антагонистической активности различных комбинаций штаммов молочнокислых бактерий против возбудителя бактериального ожога Erwinia amylovora, выращенного на разных питательных средах.Установлено, что штаммы лактобацилл обладают различной степенью ингибирования. Зоны подавления роста патогена варьировали в пределах от 21,7±20,81 до 30,7±2,0 мм в зависимости от питательной среды его культивирования. Показано, что при применении испытуемых штаммов лактобактерий по отдельности и в различных комбинациях подавление роста патогена находится почти на одном уровне.Установлена максимальная антагонистическая активность молочнокислых бактерий в отношении штаммов Erwinia amylovora, выращенных на питательной среде КГА.