Modern electronic power systems rely heavily on analog circuits. The accurate detection of analog circuit faults, especially soft faults, is of great significance for the maintenance and inspection of electronic systems. This paper proposes the application of the Boruta feature selection method to the field of the soft fault diagnosis of analog circuits to screen out low-dimensional and efficient feature components from the high-dimensional time-domain statistical features and frequency-domain features of circuit responses. Then, the feature components are used as the input to train the LightGBM classification model, and the Bayesian optimization method is introduced to optimize the model’s hyperparameters. Finally, the trained fault diagnosis model is verified in two typical experimental circuits, and satisfactory accuracy is obtained.

Thermoacoustic oscillation is indeed a phenomenon characterized by the symmetric coupling of thermal and acoustic waves. This paper introduces a novel approach for monitoring and predicting thermoacoustic combustion instability using a combination of recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and an optimized deep belief network (DBN). Six samples of combustion state data were collected using two distinct types of burners to facilitate the training and validation of GA-DBN. The proposed methodology leverages RQA to extract intricate patterns and dynamic features from time series data representing combustion behavior. By quantifying the recurrence plot of specific patterns, the analysis provides valuable insights into the underlying thermoacoustic dynamics. Among three different feature extraction methods, RQA stands out remarkably in performance. These RQA-derived features serve as input to a carefully tuned DBN, which is trained to learn the complex relationships within the combustion process. The classification accuracy of deep belief network optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-DBN) reached an impressive 99.8%. Subsequent multiple comparisons were conducted between GA-DBN, DBN, and support vector machine (SVM), revealing that GA-DBN consistently demonstrated satisfactory classification results. This method holds significant importance in monitoring intricate combustion states.

The health monitoring system has been the main technological approach to extending the life of gas turbine engines and reducing maintenance costs resulting from performance degradation caused by asymmetric factors like carbon deposition, damage, or deformation. One of the most critical techniques within the health monitoring system is performance degradation prediction. At present, most research on degradation prediction is carried out using NASA’s open dataset, C-MAPSS, without considering that monitoring measurements are not always available, as in the ideal dataset. This limitation makes fault diagnosis algorithms and remaining useful life prediction methods difficult to apply to real gas turbine engines. Therefore, to solve the problem of performance degradation prediction in light-duty gas turbine engines, a prediction diagram is proposed based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Various types of onboard signals are taken into consideration among the experimental data. Only accumulated usage time, total temperature and total pressure before the inlet, low-pressure rotor speed, high-pressure rotor speed, fuel flow rate, exhaust temperature, and thrust are used in the training process, which is indispensable for an aero-engine. A genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced into the training process to optimize the hyperparameters of LSTM. The performance degradation prediction modeled with the GA-LSTM method is validated using experimental data. The maximum prediction error of thrust is 70 daN, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is less than 0.04. This study provides a practical approach to implementing performance degradation prediction in health monitoring systems to improve gas turbine engine reliability, economy, and environmental performance.

During high-altitude simulation tests, the accurate reproduction of environmental conditions directly affects the ability to reliably evaluate the engine’s performance under simulated high-altitude conditions. Traditional physical models, though interpretable, often fall short in handling nonlinear dynamics and time-delayed effects caused by disturbances such as abrupt flow rate fluctuations. For this problem, this work proposes a novel hybrid modeling framework that integrates physical principles with deep learning architectures. The proposed approach incorporates three key innovations. First, a physics-guided residual learning scheme is introduced, where the theoretical outlet temperature derived from energy conservation laws and assumptions of symmetric inlet mixing serves as a prior, and a data-driven model corrects residual deviations. Second, a multiscale feature extraction module is constructed by combining a Transformer with DWT, capturing both long-term regularities and short-term fluctuations that often exhibit quasi-symmetric patterns in structured systems. Third, a perturbation-aware memory structure is designed, fusing a Transformer branch for long-term dependency modeling with an extended LSTM (xLSTM) branch for short-term dynamic sensitivity. The experimental results on real-world test datasets demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model significantly outperforms traditional physical models. Specifically, it achieves an MAPE of 0.0156 and a R² of 0.9867, indicating high predictive accuracy. The model not only achieves superior prediction accuracy but also preserves physical interpretability, making it a promising solution for intelligent control in industrial mixing systems.

Aero engine surge diagnosis is a key technology in engine health management, and its diagnostic accuracy is of great significance for ensuring operational safety. Traditional threshold-based diagnostic methods are significantly affected by working conditions, which makes it difficult to achieve full working condition coverage. Moreover, due to issues such as varying feature thresholds across conditions, weak signal characteristics, and low identifiability, the diagnostic accuracy remains limited. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an STFF-CANet (Spatio-Temporal Feature Fusion Cross-Attentional Network) diagnosis model of aero engine surge based on spatio-temporal feature fusion. The model first employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract spatial features from the frequency domain of dynamic signals via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Simultaneously, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network is used to capture temporal features from signals optimized by Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). A cross-attention mechanism is further introduced to achieve deep fusion of spatiotemporal features, thereby enhancing the capability to identify weak fault characteristics. In addition, the sliding window slice method is used to expand the sample size for the small sample fault data of the engine surge of an aero engine. This ensures both informational continuity between slices and statistical stability of features, effectively mitigating the difficulty of diagnosing early and weak surge characteristics under small-sample conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1-score, Recall, Precision, and Accuracy of 97.96%, 97.52%, 98.43%, and 99.01%, respectively, in surge fault classification. These outcomes meet the practical requirements for aero engine surge diagnosis and provide an effective solution for early fault warning in complex industrial equipment.