Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) Van Cleave, 1931 was originally described from a sea bass, Serranus sp. and spotted surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus strigosus (Perciformes) off Sri Lanka before its more recent redescription from milkfish in the Philippines in 1995. These reports were based on only light infections of their host fishes. Of the few flathead grey mullets, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), that we examined in the Arabian Gulf, one fish was infected with 1,450 worms. One milkfish, Chanos chanos (Chanidae), from the same location in the Arabian Gulf, was also heavily infected with specimens of C. magnum. The descriptions of this unique large worm are revised and for the first time, we provide SEM images, new systematic observations, metal analysis of hooks showing extremely high levels of sulfur, and histopathology in the mullet intestinal tissue. Adjustments and corrections of previous descriptive accounts are made. The histopathology studies show extensive damage to the host intestinal tissue including epithelial necrosis, hemorrhaging and worm encapsulation. There is an extensive amount of host connective tissue surrounding the worm. Results of x-ray analysis displayed high levels of sulfur in proboscis hooks, especially at the tips and edges of these attachment structures. Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) Van Cleave, 1931 a été décrit à l’origine à partir de spécimens parasites d’un Serranus sp. et du poisson-chirurgien Ctenochaetus strigosus (Perciformes) au Sri Lanka avant sa redescription plus récente à partir de spécimens parasites du chano aux Philippines, en 1995. Ces rapports étaient basés uniquement sur des infections légères de leurs poissons-hôtes. Parmi les quelques mulets à grosse tête, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) que nous avons examinés dans le golfe Persique, un poisson était infecté par 1 450 vers. Un chano, Chanos chanos (Chanidae), originaire du même endroit dans le golfe Persique, était également fortement infecté par des spécimens de C. magnum. Les descriptions de ce grand ver sont révisées et pour la première fois, nous fournissons des images en MEB, de nouvelles observations systématiques, des analyses des crochets montrant des niveaux extrêmement élevés de soufre, et l’histopathologie dans le tissu intestinal du mulet. Des ajustements et corrections des descriptions précédentes sont effectués. Les études histopathologiques montrent des dommages importants du tissu intestinal de l’hôte, y compris nécrose épithéliale, hémorragie et encapsulation des vers. Une grande quantité de tissu conjonctif de l’hôte entoure le ver. Les résultats de l’analyse par rayons X ont montré des niveaux élevés de soufre dans les crochets du proboscis, en particulier aux extrémités et aux bords de ces structures de fixation.

The present study provides new insight into valuable information on the diverse structure of the anisakid population, discusses the limited species richness, and also discusses the relationship with other closely diversity-related taxa in NCBI databases in the Epinephelus diacanthus and Epinephelus coioides fish. The fishing area consists of various locations in the Arabian Gulf. A total of 69 E.coioides and E. diacanthus were examined, (n= 48) were infected. Larval stages (n=1,119). Isolated larvae were encysted within the mesenteries peritoneum and viscera of fish organs, with a prevalence of 81.25% of infection and 59.459 % in the E. diacanthus and E. coioides respectively. Molecular analysis was carried out on thirty individuals of nematode parasites who have examined the morphology and showed some appearance differences, by amplifying internal transcribed spacers ITS and ITS-1 of nuclear rDNA (rDNA) by PCR using the primer sets NC5/NC2 and SS1/NC13R of DNA products. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X. based on the identity percentage in the GenBank database showed that they belong to anisakid nematodes, in particular, they belong to nine distinct taxa within the Hysterothylacium spp. The presence of the same species individuals in one host may be the cause of these genetic variations at the species level, and that's what the current study has recorded. It has been found that there is an overlap in the order of nitrogen bases between the same species, and this occurs through the fertilization process, while the rest is clean or have only a few parasites.

Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus lentus are a widespread bacterial species in the aquatic environment, isolate from different aquatic environments, and it is a responsible for bacterial disease of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in freshwater fish, in addition to other species. Furthermore, the main reason for its spread is not following proper farming systems and food quality and lack of oxygen and intensive farming play a key in the spread of this type of bacterial. The presence of bacteria as a real indicator of severe water contamination and this underlines the presence of high numbers of fish mortalities domain as accompanies this shortage pollution biomarkers of fish including dissolved oxygen and this has been confirmed by many international studies which the most important. The samples were collected from the common carp farms north of Basrah city. A total of 30 live infected fishes was collected, during the autumn season of the year 2019, samples were placed in ice box and transferred to the laboratory of department marine vertebrate marine science center and to Al Noor vet. lab. Within 3hrs. Fish weights and lengths from l50 -350 gm, and 15-35cm respectively. Bacterial samples were taken from the skin, gills and intestines using a sterile scalpel, samples were homogenized in 9 ml of sterile normal saline solution, one milliliter aliquots of the homogeneous solutions were serially diluted (10-1 to 10-7), aliquots of 0.1 ml of the serial dilutions were inoculated on tryptic soya agar (TSA) (Hi media- India). Nutrient agar (Hi media- India) in duplicate using the spread plate method and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h. Then after, Bacteria were identified using the VITEK II system. The bacterial sensitivity testing used following Bauer method, through the use of a sterile swab of vaccination on a predefined inoculate a plate of Mueller Hinton agar. Within 30 minutes of applying the discs, invert the plate and incubate it aerobically at 35 C for 24 h (temperatures over 35 C). After overnight incubation, using a ruler on the underside of the plate measure the diameter of each zone of inhibition in mm. The endpoint of inhibition is where growth starts. Five antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin 20mg (Amp), Erythromycin 15 mg (Eritrea), Florfenicol 10 mg (Flo), Enofloxacin 10mg (Eno), Neomycin 30mg (Neo). The amount of processed fish for therapeutic course treatment was 2000 fish which kept in a clay bottom pond with size of 100x 10 m, with depth 2 m. The treatments were done by adding 10% concentration of Enrofloxacin in fish feed directly with ratio with a percentage of 15 mg/kg of cultures fish for five days. The current study included isolating and treating of two species of bacterial, Aeromonas hydrophila with probability (98%) and Staphylococcus lentus (90%), were implicated in the seasonal autumn mortalities of farm-raised Cyprinus carpio, Basrah Governorates, Iraq. Infected fishes were collected, have increased in the mortality rate and suffering from skin necrosis, hemorrhage and acute infections during the autumn season of the year 2019, the swabs were taken from the skin, gills and intestine. Bacterial strains were identified using the VITEK ii system. The sensitive antibiotic test was applied using Muller Hintom agar manufactured India, five antibiotics were used: Ampicillin 20mg (Amp), Erythromycin 15 mg (Eritrea), Florfenicol 10 mg (Flo), Enofloxacin 10mg (Eno) and Neomycin 30mg (Neo). Therapeutic course treatment was used 2000 aquaculture fish, therapeutic course treatment was used in 100 x 10 meters with depth 2 meters’ pond using 10% concentration of enrofloxacin therapy, the results indicated that a remarkable decrease in morbidity and mortality, and contributing to important progresses in the health of the fish population leading to a dramatic reduction in morbidity and mortality, and contributing to significant advances in the health of the general population also results of the study suggest that the enrofloxacin therapy could be potential therapeutic options for treating septic wounds caused by above mentioned bacterial. The results of the study suggest that the both bacterial species are very influential pathogens in aquaculture operations, cause high mortality in cultured ponds. The requires making with correct treatments in a short time, use of antibiotics after allergy testing can lead to very fast solutions and treatments can control these diseases in commitment right help. The uses of enrofloxacin therapy treatment is the first attempts in the world to treat fish diseases, where it is intended for poultry diseases. Antibiotics should not use as an easy alternative by farmers in person without adequate diagnosis of medical condition to fish farming practices. Health organizations in relevant institutions must follow strict programs to using antibiotics to residual products environment of antimicrobials in aquaculture production. Control programs must undergo treatment exchange views to surveillance under the grant or authorization in using antibiotic at the national level is the latest legislation and standards based on sound science.

The assignment of species to Faustula Poche, 1926 (Faustulidae Poche, 1926) is reconsidered with the proposal of Gangafaustula n. gen. to accommodate Gangafaustula makundai (Agarwal & Verma, 1981) n. comb.; Gobifaustula n. gen. to accommodate Gobifaustula qikouensis (Qui & Li, 1995) n. comb.; Lingulitrema n. gen. to accommodate Lingulitrema hilsai (Kumar & Agarwal, 1984) n. comb.; Schellitrema n. gen. to accommodate Schellitrema gasterostei (Schell, 1973) n. comb. and Varanasifaustula n. gen. to accommodate Varanasifaustula indica (Agarwal & Verma, 1981) n. comb. Faustula hilsai Kumar & Agarwal, 1984 is determined to be a species distinct from Faustula hilsai Rizvi, 1971 and F. hilsai Rizvi, 1971 is synonymized with Faustula basiri Hafeezullah & Siddiqi, 1970. Faustula rahemii Al-Daraji, 2004 also is synonymized with F. basiri. Faustula pyriformis Kumar & Agarwal, 1984 is transferred to Pronoprymna Poche, 1926 as Pronoprymna pyriformis (Kumar & Agarwal, 1984) n. comb. Faustula sayori (Yamaguti, 1942) Yamaguti, 1958, now synonymized with Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930) Bray & Gibson, 1980, is renamed Pronoprymna sayori (Yamaguti, 1942) n. comb. based on the presence of an entire (smooth) ovary in P. petrowi (Syn. Monorcheides petrowi Layman, 1930) as originally described, and Faustula varanasiensis (Agarwal & Kumar, 1977) is transferred to Bacciger Nicoll, 1914 as Bacciger varanasiensis (Agarwal & Kumar, 1977) n. comb. We currently propose the following 5 species be retained in Faustula: F. basiri; Faustula brevichrus (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958; Faustula clupeae (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958; Faustula gangetica (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958 and Faustula keksooni (MacCallum, 1918) Poche, 1926. A revised key to the species of Faustula and a key to the genera within the Faustulidae are provided.