The Monte Carlo simulation method for along-wind loads on tall buildings performed in the time and space domain may be the only analytical viable option for specific problems such as nonlinearity behavior, nonclassically damping, and detailed structural models in commercial software. However, both across-wind and torsional-wind loads due to vortex shedding are not usually simulated in time domain because the vertical decay constants are unknown or the empirical coherence functions cannot be applied in Monte Carlo simulation methods. In this paper, the spectral representation (SR) method is used to simulate in time domain the along-wind, across-wind, and torsional-wind loads on rectangular tall buildings considering the vertical correlation between the signals. The Krenk root-coherence function is used for the normalized cross-spectrum on the along-wind direction, whereas the Davenport root-coherence function is used for the other two types of wind loads. For both across-wind and torsional-wind loads, the Davenport root-coherence function was assessed at the vortex shedding frequency by changing the vertical decay constants until converge between the Davenport model and the Liang empirical coherence model was achieved. Based on a three‐dimensional model with two translational and one torsional degree of freedom for each floor, the proposed vertical decay constants were validated by comparing the elastic response between frequency domain and time domain approaches. Generally speaking, the results show that peak displacements are significantly underestimated for both across-wind and torsional directions when vertical correlation is neglected. In addition, the advantages of time domain simulation were shown by performing a nonlinear time history analysis considering a bilinear isotropic material hardening model in both translational directions.

The rapid expansion of global infrastructure has amplified the environmental impact of construction, particularly through the carbon footprint of structures. Addressing this challenge, this study examined the potential of vibration control systems to reduce the carbon footprint of steel-frame buildings subject to dynamic wind loads. Utilizing the Force Analogy Method (FAM), which effectively addresses nonlinearity in structural analysis, the research modeled a 10-story steel frame subjected to synthetic downburst wind time history velocities generated through spectral simulation techniques. Both passive and active control systems were implemented, with a focus on tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and active mass dampers (AMDs) to reduce structural displacements and accelerations. The results revealed that these systems not only significantly reduce the peak structural responses but also, when combined with optimized manufacturing methods, lead to a decrease in steel usage. This optimization contributes to a reduction of up to 20% in CO₂ emissions during the pre-use stage of a building’s lifecycle. By enhancing the material efficiency and minimizing the environmental impacts, this research highlights the critical role of advanced control systems, supported by new nonlinear analytical methods, in promoting environmentally conscious engineering. This approach aims to guide future generations in developing structural engineering projects that prioritize sustainable practices.

This study investigates the control of seismic and wind-induced responses in reinforced concrete chimneys, incorporating material nonlinearity and soil–structure interaction. Using the Force Analogy Method (FAM), an innovative approach for nonlinear dynamic analysis, the performance of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) is evaluated under diverse loading scenarios, including seismic sequences with mainshock–aftershock events and wind-induced loads, due to synoptic and hurricane winds, modeled as stochastic processes. The FAM approach enables computationally efficient analysis, effectively capturing the complex interactions between seismic and wind actions across varying soil foundation conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of TMDs in reducing structural responses across various loading and foundation scenarios, emphasizing their efficiency in enhancing the safety and resilience of slender structures. This research provides valuable insights into the application of vibration control strategies for safeguarding critical infrastructure against extreme environmental loads.