This article examines Iceland’s scheme for educational exemptions based on religion, life philosophies, or personal convictions, comparing it with the schemes used in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Despite curricular reforms promoting inclusivity, Christian favouritism persists in Icelandic schools, often embedded in traditions classified as cultural rather than religious. The requirement for “valid arguments” in Iceland’s exemption process raises concerns over the law’s ambiguity and potential conflict with human rights law, specifically, the European Court of Human Rights’ emphasis on individual thought and conscience. This lack of clarity may deter parents and pupils from seeking exemptions and infringe upon privacy and religious freedom rights. The study underscores the need to refine exemption schemes to better protect individual rights while upholding educational integrity. It advocates for ongoing research into the right to be exempted in the Icelandic context.

School worship services remain widespread in Norwegian primary schools, mainly organized by the Church of Norway and focused on Christmas. A national survey of 555 teachers shows that 78% of schools conduct such events, with high student participation. However, the right to exemption is actively used—most frequently by Muslim students, followed by those from the Norwegian Humanist Association and Jehovah’s Witnesses. The findings reveal major variation in communication, accommodation, and alternative activities. Several teachers report lack of alternative activities as well. The study raises critical questions about compliance with legal requirements on freedom of religion, non-discrimination, and children's right to autonomy. Keywords: school worship service, educational law, exemption, human rights, church and school collaboration