Background and Objectives: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery in ameliorating urinary incontinence in women with obesity. Additionally, to assess the impact of comorbidities on the persistence of symptoms and compare the effectiveness of two types of bariatric interventions. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-centre study included 124 women with preoperative urinary incontinence (UI). A total of 92 (74.19%) responded to follow-up and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (n = 52; 56.52%) or one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) (n = 40; 43.48%). The cohort was divided into stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (n = 57; 61.96%), mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) (n = 33; 35.87%), and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) (n = 2; 2.17%). Before surgery, patients were assessed for comorbidities and completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) (score range 0–21) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) (score range 0–100) questionnaires. After 5 years, the patients completed the same questionnaires again for the final assessment. Results: Bariatric surgery demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in UI symptoms (p < 0.001), with a more pronounced improvement in SUI than in MUI, and with complete resolution in patients experiencing UUI. LSG was more effective than OAGB at alleviating UI (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.017). Notably, childbirth, particularly vaginal delivery, was associated with a higher risk of persistent UI after surgery (p = 0.025). The correlation between postoperative BMI and improvement in UI symptoms was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery provides a beneficial secondary effect on urinary incontinence (UI) in women with obesity who undergo the procedure for obesity. The LSG method is superior to OAGB when considering the improvement in incontinence symptoms. Furthermore, the LSG procedure should be considered the primary choice for women with obesity experiencing UI with a history of vaginal delivery.

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterised by constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) following VHL loss, which contributes to tumour progression and therapeutic resistance. Given the limitations of VEGFR-targeted therapies, we investigated the biological and potential therapeutic relevance of the HIF axis in ccRCC. Nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF1A and EPAS1/HIF2A expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumours from 40 patients and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and cancer-specific survival. The functional effects of HIF pathway inhibitors (GN44028, KC7F2, and FM19G11) and sunitinib were analysed in VHL-mutant 786-O and VHL-wild-type Caki-1 cell lines using SRB viability assay, cell cycle analysis, wound closure assay, and RT-qPCR of HIF-related genes, with comparison to non-malignant HK-2 cells. TCGA-ccRCC data from advanced-stage patients (III–IV, n = 185) were analysed as a complementary transcriptomic context. Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, HIF1A and EPAS1/HIF2A expression was associated with advanced stage and shorter survival in univariable analyses. GN44028 showed the most pronounced antiproliferative effect under tested conditions and was associated with broad suppression of HIF-related transcription, whereas sunitinib was associated with increased expression of selected HIF-related genes. GN44028 did not demonstrate clear selectivity over non-malignant HK-2 cells. Overall, nuclear HIF activation is associated with aggressive ccRCC biology, and broader HIF pathway modulation warrants further experimental investigation; however, the clinical findings remain exploratory, and therapeutic selectivity and translational relevance are not yet established.