Objective This study aims to determine the impact of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) in low-risk pregnancies at term on pregnancy outcome. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of women with MSAF during labor who delivered in a tertiary hospital at 37 to 41⁺⁶ weeks of gestation (2007–2013). Exclusion criteria included: multiple gestations, noncephalic presentation, fetal structural/chromosomal anomalies, hypertensive disorders, diabetes, oligohydramnios, or small for gestational age. Pregnancy outcome of women with MSAF (N = 4,893) was compared with a control group of women without MSAF (N = 39,651). Neonatal respiratory morbidity was defined as the presence of any of the following: respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, meconium aspiration syndrome, or need for ventilatory support. Results Overall, 10.9% of low-risk pregnancies at term were diagnosed with MSAF. Compared with the controls, women with MSAF had higher rates of nulliparity, gestational age at delivery ≥ 41 weeks, induction of labor, nonreassuring fetal heart rate, and operative deliveries. In multivariate analysis MSAF was associated with operative delivery (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.09; p < 0.001), cesarean section (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31–1.69; p < 0.001), respiratory morbidity (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 3.87–5.82; p < 0.001), and increased risk for short-term neonatal morbidity. Conclusions MSAF is associated with a higher rate of adverse perinatal outcome even in low-risk pregnancies at term.

Fetal teratomas, though rare, represent a significant proportion of tumors arising during fetal development. These tumors arise from pluripotent cells and can present in varying degrees of severity, ranging from incidental findings to life-threatening conditions. Prenatal imaging, via ultrasound and MRI, is necessary for diagnosis and risk assessment. The management of fetal teratomas, particularly those associated with complications like hydrops or airway obstruction, often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Interventions such as ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures and minimally invasive alternatives have emerged as critical tools to improve neonatal outcomes in severe cases. Despite advances in fetal therapies, careful prenatal monitoring and individualized management remain essential, especially for tumors with high vascularity or those that risk compromising cardiac output. This review explores the diagnostic methods, management strategies, and outcomes associated with fetal teratomas, highlighting recent advancements that contribute to improving survival and reducing morbidity in affected neonates.