Recent advances in gut microbiota researches are establishing the association between food, gut microbiota, and brain health. Previously unknown communication networks between inhabiting microbes within the gut linings and the brain are being uncovered. The nature of the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain is a new frontier of research exploration. Diet plays an important role in modulating microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and exerts a profound influence on brain functioning. This review focuses on the effect of plant food bioactives or phytochemicals in modulating gut microbiota profile in Autistic individuals, for improving brain health and functioning. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease marked by issues with speech, memory, and social behavior. Currently, an alarming rise in ASD cases among the children across the globe is being recorded. ASD has no known cure or causes; genetic or environmental factor possibly plays an important role in the development of ASD. Since dietary intervention is one of the most important solutions that might bring a positive change in the overall brain functioning of the ASD individuals. In this review, important plant food bioactives and gut microbes associated with better brain health and functioning in ASD individuals with its mode of action have been explained. Specifically plant food bioactives having influence over brain functions like memory, behavior, and cognition through balancing beneficial gut microbiota to reduce the symptoms associated with ASD are presented.

Plant food bioactives (PFBs) offer immense health benefits with a greater scope for treating various life‐threatening diseases and lifestyle disorders. Knowing their therapeutic potentials, a lot of research works are being carried out on formulating PFBs‐loaded nano delivery systems (NDSs) to enhance their bioefficacy. However, limited information are available on the interactions occurring at the nano‐bio interface. Therefore, studies on nano‐bio interactions are of immense importance towards designing/formulating effective NDSs for PFBs. Understanding the significance of nano‐bio interface of food bioactive‐loaded NDSs would help us to predict the formation of biocorona as well as the correlation between the nanoparticles and their surrounding environments that are influenced by the NDS's physicochemical properties. The physicochemical characteristics of NDSs like size, shape, and surface charge will decide their fate in the biological fluids and have been discussed in detail. As the bioactives‐loaded NDS enters the gastrointestinal tract, formation of biocorona including protein and enzyme corona at the nano‐bio interface will takes place. Subsequently, the fate of PFBs‐loaded NDSs influences the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes and thereby its bioavailability, bioefficacy, and biosafety. The current review focuses on understanding the journey of PBFs‐loaded NDSs, the nature of interactions happening at nano‐bio interface, and its pharmacokinetics properties. In addition, a specific case study approach on curcumin‐loaded NDSs, and its reported interactions at nano‐bio interface, including ADME mechanism are comprehensively presented.

The present investigation is focused on exploring the possibilities of identifying biomolecules from the fruiting body of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against the mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruiting body (cap and stipe portion) of G. lucidum extracted with ethyl acetate solvent at a maximum inhibitory concentration of 1 percent exhibited the maximum mycelial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides with 70.10 percent and 40.77 percent, respectively. Furthermore, subjecting the ethyl acetate extracts from the cap portion of G. lucidum through thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of two bands with Rf values of 0.38 and 0.35. The compounds eluted from band 1 recorded with the maximum mycelial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides by 53.77 percent followed by band 2 (46.33 percent) using an agar well diffusion test. Similarly, the analysis of ethyl acetate extracts from the cap portion of G. lucidum through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed the presence of the organoheterocyclic compound benzothiazole, as expressed in the highest peak area at 22.03 RT with the highest probability percentage (97%). Confirmation of the antifungal nature of benzothiazole was obtained by testing the standard sample of benzothiazole which showed a cent percent of inhibition on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides at 50 ppm minimum fungicidal concentration. Furthermore, benzothiazole caused abnormality in the mycelial structures, viz., distortion, shrinkage, clumping of mycelium, conidial malformation, and complete arrestment of conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy. The research on biomolecular extract of G. lucidum could be a novel and interesting concept for the possibility in suppression of plant pathogenic microbes in the natural field.